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81.
Wenbing Hu Alexander Buzin Jar‐Shyong Lin Bernhard Wunderlich 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(4):403-417
The annealing at 373 K of ultrastrong, gel‐spun polyethylene (PE) has been studied. At this temperature, the fibers show no significant shrinkage. Still, a significant decrease in the mechanical properties is observed. The fibers have been analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). During the annealing, the glass transition of the intermediate phase is exceeded, as shown by DSC. When split for structure analysis by AFM, the annealed fibers undergo plastic deformation around the base fibrils instead of brittle fracture. The quasi‐isothermal TMDSC experiments are compared to the minor structural changes seen with SAXS and AFM. The loss of performance of the PE fibers at 373 K is suggested to be caused by the oriented intermediate phase, and not by major changes in the structure or morphology. The overall metastable, semicrystalline structure is shown by TMDSC to posses local regions that can melt reversibly. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 403–417, 2003 相似文献
82.
C. Vaca‐Garcia G. Gozzelino W. G. Glasser M. E. Borredon 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(3):281-288
The main transitions of cellulose fatty esters with different degrees of substitution (DSs) were investigated with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Two distinct main relaxations were observed in partially substituted cellulose esters (PSCEs). They were attributed to the glass‐transition temperature and to the chain local motion of the aliphatic substituents. The temperatures of both transitions decreased when DS or the number of carbon atoms (n) of the acyl substituent increased. Conversely, all the transitions of fully substituted cellulose esters occurred within a narrow temperature range, and they did not vary significantly with n. This phenomenon was explained by the formation of a crystalline phase of the fatty substituents. The presence of few residual OH groups in PSCEs was responsible for a large increase in the storage bending modulus, and it eliminated the effect of n on damping. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 281–288, 2003 相似文献
83.
A boundary element method for the calculation of noise barrier insertion loss in the presence of atmospheric turbulence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yiu Wai Lam 《Applied Acoustics》2004,65(6):583-603
Atmospheric turbulence is an important factor that limits the amount of attenuation a barrier can provide in the outdoor environment. It is therefore important to develop a reliable method to predict its effect on barrier performance. The boundary element method (BEM) has been shown to be a very effective technique for predicting barrier insertion loss in the absence of turbulence. This paper develops a simple and efficient modification of the BEM formulation to predict the insertion loss of a barrier in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. The modification is based on two alternative methods: (1) random realisations of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of boundary sources and (2) de-correlation of source coherence using the mutual coherence function (MCF). An investigation into the behaviours of these two methods is carried out and simplified forms of the methods developed. Some systematic differences between the predictions from the methods are found. When incorporated into the BEM formulation, the method of random realisations and the method of MCF de-correlation provide predictions that agree well with predictions by the parabolic equation method and by the scattering cross-section method on a variety of thin barrier configurations. 相似文献
84.
An m‐covering of a graph G is a spanning subgraph of G with maximum degree at most m. In this paper, we shall show that every 3‐connected graph on a surface with Euler genus k ≥ 2 with sufficiently large representativity has a 2‐connected 7‐covering with at most 6k ? 12 vertices of degree 7. We also construct, for every surface F2 with Euler genus k ≥ 2, a 3‐connected graph G on F2 with arbitrarily large representativity each of whose 2‐connected 7‐coverings contains at least 6k ? 12 vertices of degree 7. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 43: 26–36, 2003 相似文献
85.
Maculalactones A, B and C from the marine cyanobacterium Kyrtuthrix maculans are amongst the only compounds based on the tribenzylbutyrolactone skeleton known in nature and (+) maculalactone A from the natural source possesses significant biological activity against various marine herbivores and marine settlers. We now report a concise synthesis of racemic maculalactone A in five steps from inexpensive starting materials. Maculalactones B and C were synthesized by a minor modification to this procedure, and the synthetic design also permitted an asymmetric synthesis of maculalactone A to be achieved in around 85% ee. The (+) and (−) enantiomers of maculalactone A were assigned, respectively, to the S and R configurations on the basis of the chiral selectivity expected for catecholborane reduction of an unsymmetrical ketone in the presence of Corey's oxazoborolidine catalyst. Surprisingly, it appeared that natural (+) maculalactone A was biosynthesized in K. maculans in a partially racemic form, comprising ca. 90-95% of the (S) enantiomer and 5-10% of its (R) enantiomer. Coincidentally therefore, the percentage enantiomeric excess of the product obtained from asymmetric synthesis almost exactly matched that found in nature. 相似文献
86.
Klai Nadia Berredjem Malika Khettache Nawel Belghit Med Yazid Rgaïnia Zine Nour‐Eddine Aouf 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2004,41(1):57-60
Dedicated to the memory of Pr. Ladjama Daif A series of chiral cyclosulfamides have been synthesized by alkaline cyclisation starting from N‐benzoylamino acids (Ala, Val, Leu, Phe) derivatives and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. A simplified and regioselective deprotection of the cyclic compounds (cyclosulfamides) containing the tert‐butyloxycarbonyl group (Boc) has been achieved in good yield by fusion under reduced pressure. 相似文献
87.
Andrew Bach Xinglong Jiang Joseph Mckenna Kapa Prasad Oljan Repic Wen‐Chung Shieh 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2004,41(4):637-640
An efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of an isofervenulin analogue 1 employing a one‐pot condensation‐substitution reaction of a chlorocarboethoxytriazine (electrophile) with a urea (nucleophile). The resulting cyclization reaction resulted in the synthesis of a pyrimido‐heterocycle in good yield in either acidic or basic media. The former was assisted by utilizing trimethylsilyl chloride. 相似文献
88.
Crystal Structure of the Zinc Amide Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 X‐ray quality crystals of Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 (monoclinic, P21/c) are obtained by sublimation of the zinc amide Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 at —30 °C in vacuo (300 torr). According to the result of the X‐ray structural analysis, Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 contains an almost linear N‐Zn‐N unit with two short N‐Zn bonds. 相似文献
89.
5‐Methylene‐2‐oxazolidinone (1) and 5‐methylene‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione (4) react with various isocyanates to give the corresponding urethanes 3 and 5 in high yields in the presence of palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst under mild reaction conditions. A mechanism is proposed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
90.
The structure of the title adduct comprises a phenanthroline derivative 2-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline and a methanol.The composition of the crystalline adduct was characterized as C19H12N4.CH3OH.It belongs to orthorhombic system,space group Pna21 with a=1.3693(4)nm,b=2.2988(7)nm,c=0.51338(15)nm,V=1.6160(8)nm^3.Z=4,and final R1=0.0423.wR2=0.1012 .Crystal structure shows that all the 19 carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms are coplanar.The bond length data indicated that a very extensive conjugation system was formed.This conjugation makes the compound being a potentially excellent energy transformer used for luminescent materials. 相似文献