A method to quantitatively estimate rainfall rate above water surface based on different spectra shapes generated by rainfall

A method combined with the nonlinear least-square regression to quantitatively estimate rainfall rate over water surface from the different spectrum shapes generated by rainfall in some frequency bands was presented.About 2000 min spectrum data generated by rainfall have been collected in an open-lake in Xiamen city.As a result,the spectrum shape in 15-30 kHz is fitted to log-linear law which allows classification of rain into three categories from the spectrum slope:no rain,drizzle(rainfall rate>10 mm/h)and heavy rain(rainfall rate>10 mm/h).Then,rainfall detection is made and rainfall rate is quantified in drizzle time with Logistic model in the frequency bands of 2-15 kHz,and the rainfall rate in heavy rainfall also quantified with log-linear regression.Finally,all measured spectrum data are used to calculate rainfall rate with the algorithm.The results show that the estimated rainfall rates are comparably coincident with the synchronously measured ones.The average error of accumulative rainfall per min is only l%-4%.     

Analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind

Based on the analysis theory of random energy of train derailment, an analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind is suggested. Two methods are proposed -the time domain method and the frequency domain method of analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind. The curves of σ pw -v under various wind speeds are obtained through the computation. The original curve of σ p -v is expanded, which turns the analysis theory of random energy of train derailment into the all-weather theory. Train derailment condition has been established under wind action. The first and second criterions of train derailment have been proposed in light of wind action. The analysis of train derailment cases at home or abroad is made, in- cluding the first analysis of Xinjiang train derailment case encountered 13-level of gale, which explained the inevitability of train derailment. The analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind shows its validity and accuracy. The input energy σ pw of the transverse vibration of train-track(bridge)-wind system is linked to train speed. With the establishment of the analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind, It is likely to initiate an all-weather speed limit map for a train or any high-speed train.     

PZT厚膜及高频超声换能器的研究

近年来,基于PZT厚膜的超声换能器研究受到了广泛的重视。本文综述了PZT厚膜制备技术的发展情况,简要介绍了水下声纳和医用超声领域中PZT厚膜型高频超声换能器的应用研制进展。     

镍掺杂ZnO的半金属铁磁性质和光学性质的研究

采用基于局域密度泛函理论的第一原理平面波超软膺势法,研究了纯净ZnO和Ni掺杂ZnO后的能带结构、电子态密度以及光学性质,结果表明:Ni掺杂ZnO后存在自旋极化,体系表现出半金属铁磁性质,可以实现自旋极化载流子的注入,并且在可见光区和紫外光区(1.98 eV～5.61 eV)的吸收系数显著提高.     

外来物种紫茎泽兰光谱特征

紫茎泽兰是一种有毒的外来物种,对我国经济和环境产生了深远的影响。紫茎泽兰具有分布广、扩散快的特征,使得传统监测手段显得捉襟见肘。文章在分析了紫茎泽兰光谱特征的基础上,尝试建立紫茎泽兰遥感识别模型,旨在挖掘有效的紫茎泽兰空间分布动态监测方法。研究表明:紫茎泽兰光谱曲线在可见光范围内有2个反射峰和1个吸收谷,对应的波长分别为560,730和674 nm。紫茎泽兰在674 nm的吸收深度为0.504 3～1.910 3,吸收宽度为13.778 9～17.2518 nm,中心吸收波段的左右面积呈左偏型,且左边面积与右边面积的比值为1.771 9～2.444 1。紫茎泽兰白色的花使光谱反射率在可见光范围内有一明显的抬升,并导致一阶微分光谱在420 nm产生一个波峰。与其他典型地物的光谱特征对比可知,紫茎泽兰在674 nm的吸收宽度和左右面积比值以及420 nm的一阶导数值是花期紫茎泽兰独有的光谱特征,可作为花期遥感识别与提取紫茎泽兰的重要参数。     

Coupled THz Waveguide Utilizing Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Thin Dielectric Slab Sandwiched between Two Corrugated Metallic Claddings

We present a comprehensive experimental study of terahertz （THz） wave propagation utilizing surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） on the interfaces of a thin dielectric core layer sandwiched between two corrugated metallic claddings. THz wave impinges on the structured surfaces at normal incidence. Long-lasting oscillation propagation features are observed in the temporal waveform after traveling through the periodic arrays. The enhanced THz transmission can be achieved due to the coupling between incident waves to SPPs at the bottom and top interfaces. The finite element method is used to simulate the field distribution and the transmission mode in the waveguide. The hybrid waveguide with low absorption has great potential applications in THz integrated devices.     

Mechanical Reinforcement and Piezoelectric Properties of PZT Ceramics Embedded with Nano-Crystalline

The double-scale lead zirconate titanate （PZT） piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the solid state processing with PZT nano-crystalline and micro-powder. The microstructures, electrical and mechanical properties of the double-scale PZT are investigated. All the sintered ceramics exhibit a single perovskite structure and the grain size of the dou ble-scale PZT reduces due to the incorporation of PZT nano-crystalline. Compared to normal PZT, the mechanical properties increase significantly and the piezoelectric properties decrease slightly. Mechanisms responsible for the reinforcement of the double-scale PZT are discussed.     

聚对苯乙炔的能带结构和关联能计算

在考虑电子-电子相互作用情况下,对基态非简并聚合物聚对苯乙炔(PPV)的长程关联能进行了理论计算,并用长程关联能对带隙进行修正,最后讨论了长程关联能对带隙的影响.在对PPV链的计算中发现,长程关联能先会随着链长N的增加而减小,但当链长大于10个PPV单元后,长程关联能会达到饱和.与由Hartree-Fock(HF)方法所得的能隙宽度比.长程关联能的修正会使得能隙降低,这种修正后的能隙宽度与实验结果一致.     

Formation of Hot Images in Laser Beams through a Self-defocusing Kerr Medium Slab

A nonlinear hot image is usually thought as of a special case of self-focusing, and thus occurs when a laser beam propagates through a slab of self-focusing medium. Here we show theoretically that a hot image may also be formed by a thin slab of self-defocusing medium. The physical origin for this hot image formation is akin to the in-line volume-phase holographic imaging due to the intensity-dependent refractive-index modulation of the self- defocusing medium. NumericM simulations confirm the theoretical prediction and further identify the dependence of the hot image on the beam power, the modulation depth of obscuration and the thickness of self-defocusing medium. The analysis presented here brings new insight into the physics of hot image formation in the high power laser system.     

冲击压缩下甲烷-空气混合气体状态参数实验研究

 为研究强冲击状态下混入少量空气的甲烷气体的冲击状态参数,利用二级轻气炮加载技术,使加速到5 km/s的钨合金飞片撞击封装有常态下空气混入量依次为零（纯甲烷气体）、1%、5%、10%的甲烷-空气混合气体铝靶。采用六通道瞬态光学高温计记录冲击压缩气体的光辐射历程曲线,得到了相同初始条件下4种不同比例混合气体的冲击状态参数。结果表明,在强冲击压缩下,混合气体的冲击温度随着空气混入比例的增大而增高,冲击波后混合气体存在非平衡辐射过程。采用Saha电离平衡方程,对空气混入量为10%的混合气体的电离度进行了估算。结果表明,常态下空气含量C_air≤10%的甲烷 空气混合气体具有电探针保护能力。