A pair of unprecedented cyclohexylethanoid enantiomers containing unusual trioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane ring from Clerodendrum bungei

A pair of unprecedented enantiomers (1a/1b) of cyclohexylethanoid bearing an unusual trioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane ring, along with two known structurally related cyclohexylethanoids, (+)-rengyolone (2) and cleroindicin E (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendrum bungei. The structures and absolute configurations of the enantiomers were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum mechanical calculation of the electronic circular dichroic (ECD) spectra. The postulated biogenetic pathway of 1a/1b was also discussed.     

灰中酸性成分对灰熔融温度的影响

搜集并统计了世界129种典型煤种、城市污水污泥及污泥/煤混烧灰样的灰成分及灰熔融特征温度等相关数据,研究灰中酸性成分SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2和P2O5对灰熔融特性的影响。结果表明,Al2O3是决定灰熔点的主要因素,酸性金属氧化物SiO2、Al2O3和TiO2形成的耐熔矿物质石英、偏高岭石、莫来石、金红石等可提高灰熔点。非金属氧化物P2O5与污泥和污泥/煤的灰熔点FT二次拟合很好且明显降低熔点,污泥灰中P2O5含量显著高于煤灰是导致其熔点明显低于煤的重要原因。     

面向高阶思维培养的自主型实验教学模式的设计与实践*

基于教育现代化、发展“互联网+教育”、培养创新性人才的指导思想,结合“超星学习通”网络平台与实验课堂的优势,设计了面向高阶思维培养的“预习自测-讲授讨论-自主实践-总结反思”的四段自主型实验教学模式,并应用于化学与化工类专业分析化学实验课程的教学实践。该实验教学模式增加了学生自主学习时间,培养了学生“分析、综合、评价和创造”等高阶思维能力,提高了实验课程的教学效率,为高等院校实践实验教学的改革提供了参考依据。     

电解生成亚铁离子返滴定法测定消毒液中过氧化氢含量的数字化实验*

氧化还原与电解的相关知识是中学化学学习的重点内容。应用自主研制的MXLab21先进数字化实验系统电解Fe₂(SO₄)₃溶液,用电解生成的Fe²⁺直接滴定KMnO₄溶液以测定其浓度,再用返滴法测定消毒液中H₂O₂的含量。对恒电流电解的最佳条件如Fe₂(SO₄)₃溶液浓度及电解电流大小进行了优化。该数字化实验系统相比较于常规数字化仪器(或手持技术)的优越性在于其自带电解、搅拌及控制系统,能在电解的同时利用电生物质实现对待测物质的准确测定,测定时间短(不超过4 min)。本实验采用预设终点电势值的方法自动估计滴定终点,不但便捷准确,且呈现出的实时直观的电势和电量随时间变化的动态曲线便于学生理解电解及氧化还原滴定反应的微观本质,对中学化学教学及化学学科核心素养的培养具有重要价值。     

Promotion Effect of Gold on Mo/ZSM-5 Catalyst for the Catalytic Cracking of Light Diesel Oil to Increase Propylene Production

Kinetics and Catalysis - Using a modified deposition-precipitation method, a series of Au–Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Au loadings were prepared. The XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption,...     

Pd@SiO2/Al2O3的制备及其催化氧化CO性能评价

从Pd纳米粒子出发制备具有核壳结构的Pd@SiO₂纳米粒子,并将其负载于不同形貌Al₂O₃载体上,制备出具有良好CO催化氧化活性的催化剂。以纳米球形Al₂O₃为载体时,Pd@SiO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂活性优于无核壳结构的Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂。将纳米Pd@SiO₂负载到球形和菱形Al₂O₃上,制备出Pd@SiO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂。结果表明:具有较大比表面积的Al₂O₃载体(球形)有利于Pd@SiO₂的分散,且SiO₂层可以抑制Pd粒子的团聚,能在一定程度上改善催化活性。而较小比表面积的载体(菱形)上出现了Pd@SiO₂的团聚,表现出较低的CO氧化活性,但在降低负载量后,CO氧化活性明显提高。该结果为推动新型热稳定、高效纳米三效催化剂的研发具有一定的启示意义。     

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silylated-salicylaldimine Co(II) and Pd(II) Complexes as Precatalysts in Ethylene Oligomerization

MWCNTs-Co(II) and Pd(II) were prepared through grafting silylated-salicylaldimine Pd(II) and Co(II) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) for ethylene oligomerization. The structures of the two MWCNTs-supported catalysts were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses(TGA) and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. And the influence of the supported pattern on the catalytic properties for ethylene oligomerization was investigated. The results revealed that the silylated-salicylaldimine complexes were grafted on the inner and outer surfaces of the carbon nanotubes and the pore size and BET surface area of MWCNTs decreased. Compared with the homogeneous catalysts, the two MWCNTs-supported catalysts had higher selectivity for hexene and 1-hexene in the presence of diethylaluminum chloride(DEAC) with a small molecule size due to confinement effect. MWCNTs-Pd exhi-bited higher activity and higher selectivity for C₈⁺ olefin compared to MWCNTs-Co due to electronic factors. The catalytic activities of MWCNTs-Pd and MWCNTs-Co decreased from 24.18×10⁵g·(mol Pd·h)^–1 and 20.57×10⁵g·(mol Co·h)^–1 to 19.79×10⁵g·(mol Pd·h)^–1 and 13.14×10⁵g·(mol Co·h)^–1 after the third recycle reaction, respectively.     

微波萃取–高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定食品包装用纸中11种荧光增白剂

采用微波萃取高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定食品包装用纸中11种荧光增白剂含量.将样品剪成约0.5 cm×0.5 cm的碎片,用体积分数为40％的乙腈水溶液(含体积分数为0.6％的三乙胺),于80℃微波萃取15 min,用高效液相色谱仪进行定性定量分析.采用Kromasil 100–5型C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)作为分析柱,荧光激发波长为362 nm,发射波长为410 nm,11种荧光增白剂可以较好的分离.11种荧光增白剂质量浓度线性范围为2～150μg/L,相关系数均不小于0.9996,方法检出限为0.1～0.2 mg/kg,定量限为0.3～0.6 mg/kg.样品加标平均回收率为86.0％～108.4％,相对标准偏差为0.4％～4.9％(n=6).该方法前处理简便,检测高效,灵敏度高.     

Evaluation on bioactivities of triterpenes from Bergenia emeiensis

Bergenia emeiensis is a traditional folk medicine in China. Most studies are focusing on the bioactivity of bergenin, neglecting other compounds. Therefore, in this present work, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer abilities of triterpenes from B. emeiensis rhizomes (TBE) were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that TBE could well scavenge DPPH with a lower EC50 of 0.29 mg/mL and could improve the cell viability of CHO cells against H₂O₂ induced cell death. Additionally, TBE also enhanced the resistance of C. elegans under thermal stress, exhibiting a strong antioxidant potential in vivo. Moreover, TBE showed a certain antibacterial ability on five kind strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa while TBE could not significantly inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, TBE possessed an excellent suppression ability on the proliferation of cancer cells especially Hela and Hep G2 cells with an IC50 of 41.79 μg/mL and 48.62 μg/mL at 48 h, respectively. After fractionally extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol, ethanol phase (EP) contained the most triterpenes, followed by ethyl acetate phase (EAP) and petroleum ether phase (PEP). Besides, EP and EAP exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity and also inhibited the proliferation of Hela and Hep G2 cells with the effect of pro-oxidation by inducing a high level of ROS and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, thus causing oxidative stress then inducing cell apoptosis. Therefore, these outcomes indicated the triterpenes from B. emeiensis possessed a strong antioxidant ability and an anticancer effect, thus making B. emeiensis become a promising potential alternative in pharmacological field.     

基于虚拟现实的分子对接教学软件*

由于其强大的沉浸性和交互性等特征,虚拟现实技术在教育教学方面有着独特的优势。基于分子建模工具和虚拟现实技术构建了一种关于分子对接的教学软件,该软件将语音讲解、动画演示、分子可视化、交互操作等内容有机整合在虚拟现实环境中,从理论知识讲解和VR实验操作2个方面展开,深入浅出地讲解了分子对接的知识点,达到辅助教学的目的。