污水处理厂及受纳水体样品的三维荧光光谱解析

采用三维荧光光谱表征了污水厂各处理单元及受纳水体上下游的样品,应用平行因子分析方法获得了样品中各主成分的激发发射光谱图及荧光强度得分矩阵。结果表明,类蛋白质和类富里酸物质是污水厂和受纳水体样品的主要荧光组分。污水厂进水样品的类蛋白质荧光较强,后续各处理单元样品的荧光强度显著下降。受纳水体上游样品的类蛋白质荧光较弱,经过城区各取样点的类蛋白质荧光显著增加,而污水厂排放口上游荧光强度则显著高于下游。类蛋白质荧光强度得分可与样品COD值建立相关曲线,污水厂与受纳水体样品的相关系数分别为0.930和0.913,类蛋白质荧光可以反映样品点的有机污染程度。该研究为污水处理厂的运行及其对受纳水体影响提供了新的思路和方法。     

红外CT模拟在混凝土板内部缺陷探测中的应用

红外成像技术采用非接触式检测方法,对结构内部缺陷进行实时、快速大面积扫描探测,作为无损检测领域一项新的技术在土木工程中得到越来越广泛的应用。但是,这种技术的主要缺点是只能通过成像技术显示缺陷表面状况,却无法获知缺陷深度和厚度。本文以一维有缺陷混凝土板为研究对象,采用有限差分法对混凝土板进行热传导数值模拟分析,获得每一点物体表面温度差与缺陷深度及其厚度的非线性对应关系。在此基础上,采用人工神经网络算法,实现对混凝土板内部缺陷的三维重构,即红外CT模拟。本文提出的方法可以同时获得缺陷深度和厚度,并适用于任意形状的缺陷。     

液态金属熔池中气泡-液体两相湍流的数值模拟研究

应用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,以及分别描述气泡和液体湍流的两相湍流模型,描述液态金属中气体射流发泡过程的两相流动及气泡分布。与实验结果的对比表明,本模型的预测能力优于前人未考虑气相湍流的模型。考查了液体物性和气泡尺寸对流场特性的影响,结果发现,液体密度越低,气泡尺寸越小,气泡分布就越均匀。     

基于特征值方法的旋翼尾迹稳定性分析

给出一个旋翼尾迹线性化稳定性分析的方法.在该方法中,尾迹涡线被离散为直线涡段,尾迹的扰动归结为涡元端点的扰动,考虑了桨尖涡的自诱导和涡线的互诱导以及桨尖涡与桨叶的实际干扰.使用该方法,分别以UH-1H和AH-1G模型旋翼为例,对悬停和前飞状态的旋翼尾迹的稳定性进行计算和分析.结果表明:旋翼尾迹运动存在大于0的特征值,是内在不稳定的,且最大发散率随波数变化呈现出一定规律性;前飞与悬停状态不同,其最大发散率减小,不稳定性减弱.     

细胞松弛素B阻断微核法鉴定男性个体辐射敏感性的方法初探

初步研究了男性个体辐射敏感性的鉴定方法及标准.采集50名男性志愿者的外周血,分别给予不同剂量X射线照射,采用细胞松弛素B阻断双核法测定微核率(MNF),通过二阶多项拟合法,绘制微核剂量效应选项中心标准曲线,将个人微核剂量效应曲线与标准曲线比对后判断个体辐射敏感性.0.0～2.5 Gy剂量范围内,剂量效应二阶多项拟合的中...     

Oxide Nanofibers as Catalysts Toward Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection

Ultrathin oxide nanofibers are widely used in an array of catalytic applications toward energy conversion and environmental protection. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of engineering oxide nanofibers into unique structures to suit or enable various functions. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of oxide nanofibers, including the structure engineering, derivates, assemblies and their applications. We begin with a brief introduction to the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures and properties, followed by discussions of the wet-chemistry derivates. Afterward, we discuss the applications of catalytic oxide nanofibers, including electrocata-lysis, photocatalysis and thermal-catalysis. Then we highlight the most significant role of oxide nanofibers as catalyst support for the immobilization of metal nanoparticles. Moreover, we showcase the advanced assemblies based on oxide nanofibers, including their use as multi-functional membranes and foams. In the end, we offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities and new directions for future development.     

氧化镁中子过滤器研究

核电厂反应堆乏燃料水池格架材料在生产和使用过程中需要对其中子吸收性能进行监测和检测,针对这两方面需求,研制了乏燃料水池格架B₄C＿Al材料的中子吸收性能检测设备。为了降低检测过程中超热中子本底的影响,考虑采用氧化镁超热中子过滤器滤除超热中子。对10和5 cm氧化镁单晶的中子透射率与宏观总截面进行了理论计算,对慢化体表面中子成分进行蒙特卡罗模拟计算并开展实验测量。实验结果表明,10 cm氧化镁对采用8 cm聚乙烯慢化后的²⁵²Cf中子源的中子透射率为60.16%,相对镉比值比未加10 cm氧化镁时提高了93.85%,证明常温下采用氧化镁单晶做B₄C＿Al检测装置的超热中子过滤器是可行的。     

Spin Transport in a Rashba Ring-Quantum Dot System Pumped by Microwave Fields

We report a theoretical study on producing electrically spin-polarized current in the Rashba ring with parallel double dots embedded, which are subject to two time-dependent microwave fields. By means of the Keldysh Green's function method, we present an analytic result of the pumped current at adiabatic limit and demonstrate that the interplay between the quantum pumping effectand spin-dependent quantum interference can lead to an arbitrarily controllable spin-polarized current in the device. The magnitude and direction of the charge and spin current can be effectively modulated by system parameters such as the pumping phase difference, Rashba precession phase, and the dynamic phase difference of electron traveling in two arms of ring; moreover, thespin-polarization degree of the charge current can also be tuned in the range [-∞, +∞]. Our findings may shed light on the all-electric way to produce the controllable spin-polarized charge current in the field of spintronics.     

Optimization of Single or Range of Harmonics by Using Two Gas Jets

The interference of high-order harmonics generated by two successive gas jets within a single laser pulse is discussed by a modeling with the inclusion of macroscopic propagation of the fundamental and harmonic fields in an ionizing medium. Based on the interference, we show that one can extract the laser Rayleigh range from the interference of harmonics and the accuracy of retrieve is independent of carrier-envelope phase while dependent on the pulse duration. Moreover~ we demonstrate that it is possible to optimize the single or range of harmonics with a high ratio relative to the adjacent orders by changing the separation of two gas jets, which is unavailable by using a single gas jet and linear polarized laser pulse.     

Effect of Reactor Pressure on Qualities of GaN Layers Grown by Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxy

The influence of reactor pressure on GaN layers grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy （HVPE） is investigated. By decreasing the reactor pressure from0. 7 to 0.5 mm, the GaN layer growth mode changes from the island-like one to the step flow. The improvements in structural and optical properties and surface morphology of GaN layers are observed in the step flow growth mode. The results clearly indicate that the reactor pressure, similarly to the growth temperature, is One of the important parameters to influence the qualities of GaN epilayers grown by HVPE, due to the change of growth mode.