Preparation and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica nanocomposites derived from copolymerization of vinyl silica nanoparticles and vinyl acetate

Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica nanoparticles (PVA-SNs) were prepared by in-situ radical copolymerization of vinyl silica nanoparticles functionalized by vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) and vinyl acetate with benzoyl peroxide (BPO, i.e., initiator), subsequently saponified via direct hydrolysis with NaOH solution. The resulting vinyl silica nanoparticles, PVA-SNs were characterized by means of fourier transformation spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the elemental analysis method. Effects of silica nanoparticles on viscosity and alcoholysis of PVA-SNs were studied by a ubbelohode capillary viscometer and the back titration method. The morphological structure of PVA-SN films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile test were used to determine the thermal and mechanical properties of PVA-SN films. The results indicated that the content of vinyl groups on the surface of the vinyl silica nanoparticles was up to 3.02 mmol/g and vinyl silica nanoparticles had been successfully copolymerized with vinyl acetate. Furthermore, compared to pure PVA, silica nanoparticles bonded with polymer matrix in a low concentration affected the viscosity and alcoholysis of the PVA-SNs materials. At the same time, it resulted in the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of the PVA-SN materials due to a strong interaction between silica nanoparticles and the polymer matrix via a covalent bond. It could be found that the optical clarity of the membrane was changed through UV-Vis absorption spectrum due to the introduction of silica nanoparticles.     

一种新型非晶态分子材料的非线性光学折射率和吸收特性

用单光束扫描法测量了在532nm处一种新型非晶态分子材料5,5′Bis(dimesitylboryl)2,2′bithiophene的非线性折射率和吸收系数样品非线性透射特性的分析表明,在靠近线性吸收区的532nm处有饱和吸收存在由三能级饱和模型和Zscan法确定了饱和强度、非线性折射率的实部和虚部研究结果表明:这种新型非晶态分子材料具有非常好的光子学应用前景.     

8字形主被动锁模掺Er3+光纤激光器

在理论上分析了利用非线性光学环形镜作为等效可饱和吸收体压缩脉冲进行锁模的物理机制。利用8字形主被动混合锁模的结构在调制频率2．498749GHz下，在1．543μm处获得了12ps的锁模脉冲输出，对应谱宽0．22nm，时间脉宽积0．33。在抽运功率50mW情况下，输出脉冲平均功率3．715mW。在调制频率2．499344GHz、2．499114GHz和2．498999GHz时分别并获得了2～4阶幅度较为均衡的有理数谐波锁模脉冲序列。     

The geometric phase of the quantum systems with slow but finite rate of the external time-dependent field

With the help of the time-dependent gauge transformation technique, we have studied the geometric phase of a spin-half particle in a rotating magnetic field. We have found that the slow but finite frequency of the rotating magnetic field will make the difference between the adiabatic geometric phase and the exact geometric phase. When the frequency is much smaller than the energy space and the adiabatic condition is perfectly guaranteed, the adiabatic approximation geometric phase is exactly consistent with the adiabatic geometric phase. A simple relation for the accuracy of the adiabatic approximation is given in terms of the changing rate of the frequency of the rotating magnetic field and the energy level space.     

裸碳碰撞氦原子单电离全微分截面的理论分析

利用四体模型计算了100 MeV/amu裸碳碰撞氦原子单电离全微分截面,发现在散射面四体模型和实验结果符合很好,但是在散射平面外与实验数据符合有较大差别. 分析了不同散射振幅对全微分截面的贡献. 结果表明在recoil峰区域附近,由于入射粒子和靶核相互作用的振幅和入射粒子和敲出电子相互作用的振幅之间的干涉所贡献的截面更接近于实验数据,特别是在垂直平面,这两振幅的干涉所形成的截面产生了实验的双峰结构. 然而,总相互作用振幅的干涉并没有呈现这个特征. 四体模型不能给出垂直平面内实验结果的特征是由于三项散射振幅的权重不同.     

微酸量消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血中的铬含量

人体血液中铬的含量非常低,常规检测方法难以准确测定。本文用2%(V/V)硝酸消解样品,超声处理,离心分离,塞曼效应校正背景,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血中的铬含量。实测样品回收率为93.4%—100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.3%,最低检出限为0.6pg。方法快速、灵敏地直接检测人血中Cr。     

Guided wave propagation in single and double layer hollow cylinders embedded in infinite media

Millions of miles of pipes are being used for the transportation, distribution, and local use of petroleum products, gas, water, and chemicals. Most of the pipes are buried in soil, leading to the significance of the study on the subject of guided wave propagation in pipes with soil influence. Previous investigations of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in an elastic hollow cylinder and in an elastic hollow cylinder coated with a viscoelastic material have led to the development of inspection techniques for bare and coated pipes. However, the lack of investigation on guided wave propagation in hollow cylinders embedded in infinite media like soil has hindered the development of pipe inspection methods. Therefore the influence of infinite media on wave propagation is explored in this paper. Dispersion curves and wave structures of both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric wave modes are developed. Due to the importance of the convergence of numerical calculations, the requirements of thickness and element number of the finite soil layer between hollow cylinder and infinite element layer are discussed, and an optimal combination is obtained in this paper. Wave structures are used for the mode identification in the non-monotonic region caused by the viscoelastic properties of coating and infinite media.     

Highly efficient prolinamide-based organocatalysts for the direct asymmetric aldol reaction in brine

Four prolinamide-based organocatalysts were readily synthesized and applied to the direct asymmetric aldol reactions of ketones and aromatic aldehydes in brine. When 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was used as an acidic additive, 1 mol % low loading of 2b afforded aldol products with excellent diastereoselectivity of up to 98/2 dr and high enantioselectivity of up to 97% ee.     

Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Nanosized Single‐Crystal Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves from Highly Homogeneous and Concentrated Precursors

The synthesis of hierarchical nanosized zeolite materials without growth modifiers and mesoporogens remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we report a general synthetic approach to produce hierarchical nanosized single‐crystal aluminophosphate molecular sieves by preparing highly homogeneous and concentrated precursors and heating at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, aluminophosphate zeotypes of LTA (8‐rings), AEL (10‐rings), AFI (12‐rings), and ‐CLO (20‐rings) topologies, ranging from small to extra‐large pores, were synthesized. These materials show exceptional properties, including small crystallites (30–150 nm), good monodispersity, abundant mesopores, and excellent thermal stability. A time‐dependent study revealed a non‐classical crystallization pathway by particle attachment. This work opens a new avenue for the development of hierarchical nanosized zeolite materials and understanding their crystallization mechanism.     

超亲水疏油材料的制备及其油水分离性能

含油污水的随意排放对海洋、沿海周边环境以及人类健康造成了严重的影响。传统的油水分离方法易造成环境二次污染,同时也是对有限资源的一种损耗。因此,如何高效环保地解决含油污水问题具有重要意义。物理过滤/吸附法被认为是一种高效环保的分离方法,基于仿生学原理,许多可用于物理选择性分离的超亲油疏水和超亲水疏油材料被制备出来。超亲油疏水材料易被油污染,重复利用率低;相比之下,超亲水疏油材料具有自清洁性且重复利用率高,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据基底材料的选择不同,本文综述了金属基以及高分子基超亲水疏油材料的研究现状,总结了其优缺点,并对今后超亲水疏油材料的研究方向和重点进行了展望。