Yields of Br* (4P1/2) as a function of wavelength in the photodissociation of Br2 and IBr

A flashlamp-pumped tunable dye laser has been used to study the photochemical production of Br* (4²P_1/2) atoms from Br₂ and IBr exc     

New synthetic and structural aspects in the chemistry of alkylaluminum fluorides. The mutual influence of hard and soft ligands and the hybridization as rigorous structural criterion

A general synthetic strategy starting from metal alkyls is reported based on the hydrogen difluoride anion as a suitable reagent for obtaining organometallic fluorides. The newly prepared compounds are [Me(4)N][(i-Bu)(2)AlF(2)] (1), [Ph(4)P][(i-Bu)(2)AlF(2)] (2), and [Ph(4)P][AlF(4)] (3), containing the tetrahedral anions [(i-Bu)(2)AlF(2)](-) and [AlF(4)](-). The actual structures are prototypes that allowed a comparison of inorganic and organometallic fluorides in the frame of the hard and soft acid and base principle, by means of ab initio calculations. A new theoretical model is designed to put in equation form the qualitative statements of the Bent rule. The model allows the rationalization of the tendencies of bond angle variation in [R(2)MX(2)] systems containing a main group metal (M), in terms of hybridization of the central atom and the reciprocal influence of hard and soft ligands.     

Study of a glassy carbon electrode in amperometric detection using d.c., normal and differential pulse techniques

The results of a comparative study on d.c., normal pulse and differential pulse techniques applied to anodic amperometric detection at a glassy carbon electrode in a voltammetric flow-through cell are presented. The important aspects examined are response time, linearity, limit of detection and selectivity. It is shown that the d.c. mode is the most favourable as long as no adsorption of oxidation products takes place. If strong adsorption occurs, normal pulse detection is recommended, although the limit of detection is somewhat larger.     

Austauscher mit cyclischen Polyethern als Ankergruppen—II: Anwendungen

Exchangers with cyclic polyethers as anchor groups have a large range of applications such as separations of cations with a common anion, of anions with a common cation, and of neutral organic compounds, and the determination of water by elution chromatography. Some crown ether monomers, especially 4- and 4,4′-alkyl-substituted benzo-derivatives are suitable for extractions and their adducts with heteropoly acids are used as liquid ion-exchangers. The exchangers are also applied in thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis. Furthermore the exchangers are successfully used in preparative chemistry, e.g., in salt conversions in order to isolate salts which are difficult to prepare by other means, in isolation and purification of organic compounds, and for anion activation in organic reactions.     

Computer programme for calculation of electric dipole moments from measurements in solution

An ALGOL computer programme is described for the calculation of an electric dipole moment from measurements made on dilute solutions in a non-polar solvent.     

Homopolar- and Heteropolar Bond Dissociation Energies and Heats of Formation of Radicals and Ions in the Gas Phase. I. Data on organic molecules

The literature data on heteropolar and homopolar 2-center bond dissociation energies in organic molecules in the gas phase and the corresponding heats of formation of radicals and ions have been critically evaluated. Data for more than 500 bonds are represented in tabular form together with the pertinent literature references. Selected electron affinities and π-bond dissociation energies have also been incorporated. The follow-up paper will discuss some empirical general aspects of these data particularly regarding the effect of structure on the bond dissociation energies.     

Thermal resistance of ridge-waveguide laser diodes based on GaAs,GaSb or InP

The effects of different substrates (GaAs, GaSb and InP) on the thermal properties of laser diodes with a ridge-waveguide structure are presented. Laser diodes with the same basic geometry exhibit different thermal resistances. The reason is therefore the difference in thermal conductivity of the substrates and the active layer compounds. This leads to different temperature distributions in the structures. The theoretical results were supported by experimental data.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Substrate (GaAs, GaSb und InP) auf die thermischen Eigenschaften von Laserdioden mit gefurchter Hohlleiterstruktur untersucht. Laserdioden mit dem gleichen geometrischen Grundaufbau zeigen verschiedene Wärmewiderstände. Die Ursache ist folglich der Unterschied in der Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Substrate und der Verbindungen der aktiven Schicht. Dies führt zu einer unterschiedlichen Temperaturverteilung in der Strukturen. Theoretische Ergebnisse werden durch experimentelle Daten bekräftigt.

     

Total synthesis of 13- and 14-azaequilenines via heterocycloaddition

Benzo-[f]-quinolines and benzo-[f]-isoquinolines were prepared via heterocycloaddition of N-butyloxycarbonylmethylenetoluene sulfonamide to a vinyl dihydronaphthalene. Structural assignments were based on PMR and mass spectral analysis. 13- and 14-aza-equilenines have been obtained via standard procedures starting from the respective adducts.