Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung von Eiweißen mit Polysacchariden im Wassermedium

Zusammenfassung Die komplexe Koazervation im SystemG-A-H₂O kann als zweistufiger Prozeß aufgefaßt werden. Das erste Stadium ist die Bildung des elektrisch neutralen Komplexes zwischen G und A unter Einfluß der elektrostatischen Anziehungskräfte. Die Stöchiometrie der gewonnenen Verbindung wird durch die Äquivalenz der Makroionen bestimmt.Nur elektrisch neutrale Komplexe können die neue Phase, d. h. das komplexe Koazervat bilden. Deshalb muß die Zusammensetzung der koazervaten Phase von p_H abhängen und bei Veränderung des Verhältnisses der Polymere im Gemisch unveränderlich bleiben.Bei einem Verhältnis der Polymere, kleiner als das stöchiometrische, ist die Bildung geladener Komplexe möglich.Den Prozeß der komplexen Koazervation kann man mittels der Methode der Trübungsmessung bei C_s<6·10^{–3 g}/100 g untersuchen. Hierbei ist die optische Dichte proportional der Menge des komplexen Koazervats oder des elektrisch neutralen Komplexes im System.     

19F-Kernresonanzuntersuchungen an Imidoschwefeloxiddifluoriden

¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance studies on imidosulphuroxide difluorides Non equivalent fluorine atoms bounded to hexavalent sulphur of the NSOF₂ group in thionyl compounds give extreme AB-spectra.     

Phase diagram and X-ray diffraction analysis of the acrylic acid–acrylamide system

The phase diagram of the acrylic acid–acrylamide system as determined by DTA and the supporting x-ray diffraction data are presented. This diagram shows that the system forms a 1 : 1 addition compound which decomposes above 0°C. There is also one eutectic point at a 67 mole-% acrylic acid composition.     

Interaction of 1, 3-dioxa-2-silacyclanes and their oligomers with alklymagnesium and arylmagnesium halides

Conclusions Cyclic alkoxysilanes — 1,3-dioxa-2-silacyclanes — and their oligomers are decomposed by organomagnesium compounds with the formation of the corresponding silanols (disiloxanes) and tetraalkylsilanols.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1283–1285, July, 1966.     

Photoionization of the Ar2 dimer

The relative photoionization cross section for Ar₂ was measured in the wavelength region 820–860 Å. The spectrum shows detailed autoionization structure throughout this region with no contribution from direct ionization. The appearance potential of Ar⁺₂ corresponds to 856.5 ± 1.5 Å.     

Skeletal reactions of perfluoromethylethyl- and perfluorodiethylbenzocyclobutenes with 1,1- and 1,2-alkyl groups in SbF5

Taking perfluoro-1,1-dialkylbenzocyclobutenes as examples, it has been shown to be possible to enlarge the four-membered ring in polyfluorobenzocyclobutenes to five-membered in the presence of SbF₅, by cleavage of the four-membered ring followed by cyclization of the resulting polyfluorostyrene to the polyfluoroindane, which then undergoes further reactions. Perfluoro-1-methyl-1-ethylbenzocyclobutene isomerizes at 50°C in the presence of SbF₅ to perfluoro-,-o -trimethylstyrene, which is reversibly converted at 130°C into perfluoro-1,2-dimethylindane. Perfluoro-l,l-diethylbenzocyclobutene isomerizes at 130°C in the presence of SbF₅ to give perfluoro- -ethyl-,o -dimethylstyrene, which at 170°C gives perfluoro-2-methyl-3-ethylindene- and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindene. The last two compounds, together with perfluoro-o-dipropylbenzene, are obtained from per fluoro-1,2-diethylbenzocyclobutene-with SbF₅ at 170°C. From perfluoro-1-methyl-2-ethylbenzocyclobutene with SbF₅ at 95°C there is obtained perfluoro-1-ethylindane, while at 130°C, in addition to the latter compound, there are obtained perfluorinated 1,1-dimethylindane, 1,2-dimethylindane, ,,o-trimethylstyrene, 2,3-dimethylindene, and 2,3-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindene.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1114–1120, May, 1990.     

Extraktion von 3d-Metallionen mit zweizähligen Sulfonamiden. I. Liganden mit Schwefel bzw. heterocyclisch gebundenem Stickstoff als zweitem Haftatom

Extraction of 3d-Metal Ions by Bidendate Sulfonamides. I. Ligands with Sulfur or Heterocyclic Nitrogen as a Second Donor Atom The properties of 2-acetylpyridine-p-toluensulfonylhydrazone (APSH - H), arensulfonylthioureas (I), and the esters of arensulfonylmonothiocarbamic acid (II) or arensulfonyldithiocarbamic acid (III) as extractants for the late 3d-metal ions are proved. APSH-H is comparable to the proprietary extractant LIX 34. But, because of the special structure of the corresponding 1,2-chelates, the pH_1/2-values of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) are ≈2 units lower. The pK_s-values, measured in dioxane-water mixtures (75 per cent v/v), increase in the order III < II < I. In aqueous solutions compounds of type III are acids of medium strength. In the case of compounds of type I the substituents of the non-sulfonated nitrogen have a strong influence on the pK_s-values (ΔpK_s = 4.6). Among the late 3d-elements, the ligands II and III extract only copper(II) (pH_1/2 ～2.7 or ～1.6), the ligands I extract zinc(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) as well, but not iron(II) and iron(III). The reasons of this unique behaviour are discussed.     

Analysis of B6 vitamers by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-excited fluorescence detection

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) involves the application of a high voltage (10 to 40 kV) across a capillary column (25 to 75 microns i.d.) that is filled with a solution containing micelles. The mobile phase in this work consists of sodium dodecyl sulfate in an aqueous phosphate/borate buffer system. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and five of its metabolites are separated, with efficiencies as high as 60,000 theoretical plates/meter. Pyridoxic acid, a metabolite of B6, is separated and quantitated in human urine using laser-excited fluorescence detection. Limits of detection are less than a picogram injected.     

Thermodynamische Untersuchungen im System Gold—Cadmium, 2. Mitt.

Liquidus and solidus curves of the -AuCd phase were determined byDTA measurements. -AuCd has a congruent melting point of 629.5°C at 47 at% Cd with no signs of other minima or maxima in the liquidus curve between 43 and 51 at% Cd. Liquid and solid Au–Cd alloys were investigated by theemf method between 40 and 90 at% Cd and 653–973 K. A consistent set of integral thermodynamic data for liquid and for solid alloys of the entire Au–Cd system were calculated at 1000 and at 700K, resp., using values taken from the literature. Partial molar entropies of Cd of solid -AuCd and of liquid alloys in the same concentration range were compared and discussed with respect to ordering phenomena in solid and liquid alloys.

---

---

Mit 3 Abbildungen     

Functional organization of the outer membrane of escherichia coli: phage and colicin receptors as components of iron uptake systems.

The functional interaction of outer membrane proteins of E. coli can be studied using phage and colicin receptors which are essential components of penetration systems. The uptake of ferric iron in the form of the ferrichrome complex requires the ton A and ton B functions in the outer membrane of E. coli. The ton A gene product is the receptor protein for phage T5 and is required together with the ton B function by the phages T1 and ?80 to infect cells and by colicin M and the antibiotic albomycin, a structural analogue of ferrichrome, to kill cells. The ton B function is necessary for the uptake of ferric iron complexed by citrate. Iron complexed by enterochelin is only transported in the presence of the ton B and feu functions. Cells which have lost the feu function are resistant to the colicins B, I or V while ton B mutants are resistant to all 3 colicins. The interaction of the ton A, ton B, and feu functions apparently permits quite different "substrates" to overcome the permeability barrier of the outer membrane. It was shown for ferrichrome dependent iron uptake that the complexing agent was not altered and could be used repeatedly. Only very low amounts of 3H-labeled ferrichrome were found in the cell. It is possible that the iron is mobilized in the membrane and that desferri-ferrichrome is released into the medium without having entered the cytoplasm. Growth on ferrichrome as the sole iron source was used to select revertants of T5 resistant ton A mutants. All revertants exhibited wild-type properties with the exception of partial revertants. In these 4 strains, as in the ton A mutants, the ton A protein was not detectable by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses of outer membranes. Albomycin resistant mutants were selected and shown to fall into 5 categories: 1) ton A; 2) ton B mutants; 3) mutants with no iron transport defects and normal ton A/ton B functions, which might be target site mutants; 4) mutants which were deficient in ferrichrome-mediated iron uptake but had normal ton A/ton B functions. We tentatively consider that the defect might be located in the active transport system of the cytoplasmic membrane; 5) a variety of mutants with the following general properties: most of them were resistant to colicin M, transported iron poorly, and, like ton B mutants, contained additional proteins in the outer membrane. The outer membrane protein patterns of wild-type and ton B mutant strains were compared by slab gel electrophoresis in an attempt to identify a ton B protein. It was observed that under most growth conditions, ton B mutants overproduced 3 proteins of molecular weights 74,000-83,000. In extracted, iron-deficient medium, both the wild-type and ton B mutant strains had similar large amounts of these proteins in their outer membranes. The appearance of these proteins was suppressed by excess iron in both wild-type and mutant. From this evidence it is apparent that the proteins appear as a response to low intracellular iron rather than being controlled by the ton B gene...