Photothermal image flow cytometry in vivo

The capability of photothermal (PT) microscopy to image moving, unlabeled cells in real time in vivo is demonstrated in a study of circulating red and white blood cells in blood and lymph microvessels of rat mesentery. Potential applications of this optical tool, called PT flow cytometry, are discussed.     

Are bosonic replicas faulty?

Motivated by the ongoing discussion about a seeming asymmetry in the performance of fermionic and bosonic replicas, we present an exact, nonperturbative approach to both fermionic and bosonic zero-dimensional replica field theories belonging to the broadly interpreted beta=2 Dyson symmetry class. We then utilize the formalism developed to demonstrate that the bosonic replicas do correctly reproduce the microscopic spectral density in the QCD-inspired chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble. This disproves the myth that the bosonic replica field theories are intrinsically faulty.     

Relaxation of a dislocation in a nanocrystallite

Experimental studies of dislocations in nanoparticles are just beginning. The corresponding theoretical models are still lacking. In this context, the author analyzes relaxation of a dislocation in a nanoparticle. Mechanistically, this process is considered to occur primarily via dislocation drift induced by the stress-related image forces. Elementary dislocation displacements include the formation of a kink at one of the sides of the dislocation line, its diffusion along this line, and annihilation at the opposite side. For this mechanism, the dependence of the time of dislocation disappearance on the nanoparticle size has been identified.     

Interaction of counterpropagating discrete solitons in a nonlinear one-dimensional waveguide array

We experimentally investigate the interaction of counterpropagating discrete solitons in a one-dimensional waveguide array in photorefractive lithium niobate. While for low input powers only weak interaction and formation of counterpropagating vector solitons are observed, for higher input powers a growing instability results in discrete lateral shifting of the formed discrete solitons. Numerical modeling shows the existence of three different regimes: stable propagation of vector solitons at low power, instability for intermediate power levels leading to discrete shifting of the two discrete solitons, and an irregular temporal dynamic behavior of the two beams for high input power.     

Conference summary on the first international workshop on advanced superhard materials

Composite diamond anvils have been developed for high-pressure/high-temperature measurements of diamond anvil cells. The anvils are fabricated using single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from previously used and/or slightly damaged anvils made of natural or synthetic diamond. These composite anvils can be fabricated to possess optical characteristics at least comparable to conventional diamond anvils, whereas the single-crystal CVD portion is more durable because of its enhanced toughness relative to natural diamond. The viability of such anvils is demonstrated in measurements on hydrogen at megabar pressures and high temperature.     

Ultrasonic technology for enhanced oil recovery from failing oil wells and the equipment for its implemention

A new method for the ultrasonic enhancement of oil recovery from failing wells is described. The technology involves lowering a source of power ultrasound to the bottom of the well either for a short treatment before removal or as a permanent placement for intermittent use. In wells where the permeability is above 20 mD and the porosity is greater than 15% ultrasonic treatment can increase oil production by up to 50% and in some cases even more. For wells of lower permeability and porosity ultrasonic treatment alone is less successful but high production rates can be achieved when ultrasound is applied in conjunction with chemicals. An average productivity increase of nearly 3 fold can be achieved for this type of production well using the combined ultrasound with chemical treatment technology.     

Nuclear electric quadrupole interactions in liquids entrapped in cavities

Liquids entrapped in cavities and containing quadrupole nuclei are considered. The interaction of the quadrupole moment of a nucleus with the electric field gradient is studied. In such a system, molecules are in both rotational and translational Brownian motions which are described by the diffusion equation. Solving this equation, we show that the intra- and intermolecular nuclear quadrupole interactions are averaged to zero in cavities with the size larger than several angstroms.     

Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence: Geometric and Isometry Properties of the 2-point Velocity Correlation Tensor

The emphasis of this review is both the geometric realization of the 2-point velocity correlation tensor field B_ij (x,x′,t) and isometries of the correlation space K³ equipped with a (pseudo-) Riemannian metrics ds²(t) generated by the tensor field. The special form of this tensor field for homogeneous isotropic turbulence specifies ds²(t) as the semi-reducible pseudo-Riemannian metric. This construction presents the template for the application of methods of Riemannian geometry in turbulence to observe, in particular, the deformation of length scales of turbulent motion localized within a singled out fluid volume of the flow in time. This also allows to use common concepts and technics of Lagrangian mechanics for a Lagrangian system (M^t, ds²(t)), M^t ? K³. Here the metric ds²(t), whose components are the correlation functions, evolves due to the von Kármán-Howarth equation. We review the explicit geometric realization of ds²(t) in K³ and present symmetries (or isometric motions in K³) of the metric ds²(t) which coincide with the sliding deformation of a surface arising under the geometric realization of ds²(t). We expose the fine structure of a Lie algebra associated with this symmetry transformation and construct the basis of differential invariants. Minimal generating set of differential invariants is derived. We demonstrate that the well-known Taylor microscale λ_g is a second-order differential invariant and show how λ_g can be obtained by the minimal generating set of differential invariants and the operators of invariant differentiation. Finally, we establish that there exists a nontrivial central extension of the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra constructed wherein the central charge is defined by the same bilinear skew-symmetric form c as for the Witt algebra which measures the number of internal degrees of freedom of the system. For turbulence, we give the asymptotic expansion of the transversal correlation function for the geometry generated by a quadratic form.     

Center-of-Mass Tomography and Wigner Function for Multimode Photon States

Tomographic probability representation of multimode electromagnetic field states in the scheme of center-of-mass tomography is reviewed. Both connection of the field state Wigner function and observable Weyl symbols with the center-of-mass tomograms as well as connection of the Grönewold kernel with the center-of-mass tomographic kernel determining the noncommutative product of the tomograms are obtained. The dual center-of-mass tomogram of the photon states are constructed and the dual tomographic kernel is obtained. The models of other generalized center-of-mass tomographies are discussed. Example of two-mode even and odd Schrödinger cat states is presented in details.     

Driving defect modes of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

We present an approximate analytical theory and direct numerical computation of defect modes of a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in an optical lattice and subject to an additional localized (defect) potential. Some of the modes are found to be remarkably stable and can be driven along the lattice by means of a defect moving following a steplike function defined by the period of Josephson oscillations and the macroscopic stability of the atoms.