The effects of a ready-made surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) on the dynamic interfacial tension between a model acidic oil (linoleic acid dissolved in paraffin oil) and various aqueous alkaline (NaOH) systems have been studied using pendant drop tensiometry at surfactant concentrations both below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Below the CMC the added surfactant contributes significantly to a further reduction of interfacial tension of the reacting acid/alkaline system, whereas above the CMC the added surfactant plays an important role in damping the dynamic trends observed for the reactive system alone. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
In this paper, we present a network manipulation algorithm based on an alternating minimization scheme from Nesterov (Soft Comput 1–12, 2020). In our context, the alternative process mimics the natural behavior of agents and organizations operating on a network. By selecting starting distributions, the organizations determine the short-term dynamics of the network. While choosing an organization in accordance with their manipulation goals, agents are prone to errors. This rational inattentive behavior leads to discrete choice probabilities. We extend the analysis of our algorithm to the inexact case, where the corresponding subproblems can only be solved with numerical inaccuracies. The parameters reflecting the imperfect behavior of agents and the credibility of organizations, as well as the condition number of the network transition matrix have a significant impact on the convergence of our algorithm. Namely, they turn out not only to improve the rate of convergence, but also to reduce the accumulated errors. From the mathematical perspective, this is due to the induced strong convexity of an appropriate potential function.
We show that the Floer cohomology and quantum cohomology rings of the almost Kähler manifoldM, both defined over the Novikov ring of the loop space M, are isomorphic. We do it using a BRST trivial deformation of the topological A-model. The relevant aspect of noncompactness of the moduli of pseudoholomorphic instantons is discussed. It is shown nonperturbatively that any BRST trivial deformation of A model which does not change the dimensions of BRST cohomology does not change the topological correlation functions either. 相似文献
IfB is a weakly compactly generated Banach space andf: (S,S, ) satisfies the strong law of large numbers, thenf=f1+f2, wheref1 is Bochner -integrable andf2 is Pettis -integrable with Pettis norm 0. The decomposition is unique. 相似文献
The effect of ion irradiation on the superconducting transition temperatureTc and resistivityρab(T) of YBa2Cu3O7-x films with different oxygen content (initial temperatureTc0≈90 K and 60 K) is studied experimentally. The dependenciesTc/Tc0 on residual resistivityρo are obtained in very wide range 0.2<Tc/Tc0 <1 andρo μΩ·cm. The critical values ofρo, corresponding to the vanishing of superconductivity, are found to be an order of magnitude larger then those predicted by theory ford-wave pairing. At 0.5÷0.6<Tc/Tc0<1 the experimental data are in close agreement with theoretical dependencies, obtained for the anisotropics-wave superconductor within the BCS-framework. 相似文献
We construct the quantum versions of the monodromy matrices of KdV theory. The traces of these quantum monodromy matrices, which will be called as “T-operators,” act in highest weight Virasoro modules. TheT-operators depend on the spectral parameter λ and their expansion around λ=∞ generates an infinite set of commuting Hamiltonians of the quantum KdV system. TheT-operators can be viewed as the continuous field theory versions of the commuting transfermatrices of integrable lattice theory. In particular, we show that for the values $c = 1 - 3\frac{{3(2n + 1)^2 }}{{2n + 3}}$ ,n=1,2,3 .... of the Virasoro central charge the eigenvalues of theT-operators satisfy a closed system of functional equations sufficient for determining the spectrum. For the ground-state eigenvalue these functional equations are equivalent to those of the massless Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz for the minimal conformal field theoryM2,2n+3; in general they provide a way to generalize the technique of the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz to the excited states. We discuss a generalization of our approach to the cases of massive field theories obtained by perturbing these Conformal Field Theories with the operator Φ1,3. The relation of theseT-operators to the boundary states is also briefly described. 相似文献
We have been investigating a modular, threading DNA polyintercalator design based upon the 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) intercalating unit. Previously, we have reported the NMR analysis of a bis-intercalator-DNA complex in which the peptide linker between NDI units was found to occupy the DNA major groove (Guelev, Lee, Sorey, Hoffman, Iverson, Chem. Biol. 2001, 8, 415-425). Here we describe the NMR analysis of a complex between a related bis-intercalator known to display altered DNA sequence specificity. In this case, the linker resides in the DNA minor groove. We have thus shown that within this set of sequence specific bis-intercalators, both DNA grooves can be accessed, setting the stage for longer threading polyintercalators designed to have linkers occupying both grooves in an alternating fashion. 相似文献
Amphiphilic dendron-rod molecules with three hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) branches attached to a hydrophobic octa-p-phenylene rod stem were investigated for their ability to form two-dimensional micellar structures on a solid surface. A treelike shape of the molecules was reported to be a major factor in the formation of nonplanar micellar structures in solution and in the bulk state (cylindrical and spherical). We observed that in these treelike amphiphilic molecules the hydrophilic terminated dendron branches assemble themselves in surface monolayers with the formation of two-dimensional layered or circular micellar structures. We suggested the formation of the planar ribbon-like structures with interdigitated layering within the loosely packed monolayers and circular, ringlike structures (2D circular aggregates) in the precollapsed state. 相似文献