现代热力学的完整分类系统--非平衡非耗散热力学新领域

在同一体系中同时有多个不可逆过程时，不可逆过程之间会有相互影响，原来的非自发过程有可能在其他自发过程的影响下得以进行，这种现象就称为热力学耦合或反应耦合，长期以来，经典热力学把热力学第二定律的等式作为平衡体系的充分必要条件，其中隐含了一个前提性的假定，即经典热力学的对象只限于非耦合的体系，摈弃这一隐含的前提性假定以后，热力学自身就发展成为一个现代热力学的完整学术体系，适用于任何宏观体系（包括极其复杂的生命体系），现代热力学的完整学术体系中包含了一个崭新的非平衡非耗散热力学新领域，由于该领域属于热力学第二定律的等式部分，因此可以定量计算，并得到一系列理论计算的非平衡相图，与文献上报道的激尖低压金刚石合成等的大量实验数据相符。     

On regularity of a weak solution to the Navier–Stokes equation with generalized impermeability boundary conditions

We consider the 3D Navier–Stokes equation with generalized impermeability boundary conditions. As auxiliary results, we prove the local in time existence of a strong solution (‘strong’ in a limited sense) and a theorem on structure. Then, taking advantage of the boundary conditions, we formulate sufficient conditions for regularity up to the boundary of a weak solution by means of requirements on one of the eigenvalues of the rate of deformation tensor. Finally, we apply these general results to the case of an axially symmetric flow with zero angular velocity.     

A Rapid Solid-phase Synthesis to Soluble Oligothiophene Molecular Wires

A novel method for the preparation of oligothiophene molecular wires is described via a bi-directional solid-phase synthesis. Using an alternating sequence of bromination and Stille coupling reactions, oligomers were obtained up to the heptamer in excellent yield and purity.     

SiO2-羟基表面上金属原子的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了SiO2-羟基表面上几种金属原子的吸附性质,发现In和Ga在SiO2-羟基表面上的结合很弱,而Fe,Co,Ni在该表面上与Si,O形成强的化学键.等势能面和扩散势垒计算表明In(Ga)的扩散激活能只有0.1-0.3 eV,表明这两种原子容易在表面上扩散.这些结果可以定性地解释纳米合成中的一些实验现象.     

交流源作用下介观RLC电路系统量子态随时间的演化

根据量子不变量理论，同时考虑介观电容器极板间电子波函数的耦合作用和电路的耗散,研究介观RLC电路系统在交流电流源作用下动力学的演化过程，并且得到描述系统量子态随时间的演化算符.进一步的分析结果表明，介观RLC电路系统的波函数将由任意的初态演化到一般的压缩态. 关键词： 介观RLC电路 交变电源 不变量理论 时间演化算符     

退火温度对低温生长MgxZn1－xO薄膜光学性质的影响

用射频磁控溅射法在80℃衬底温度下制备出Mg_xZn_1-xO(x=0.16)薄膜，用X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光(PL)和透射谱研究了退火温度对Mg_xZn_1-xO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响.测量结果显示，Mg_xZn_1-xO薄膜为单相六角纤锌矿结构，并且具有沿c轴的择优取向；随着退火温度的升高，(002)XRD峰强度、平均晶粒尺寸和紫外PL峰强度增大，(002)XRD峰半高宽(F 关键词： xZn_1-xO薄膜')" href="#">Mg_xZn_1-xO薄膜 射频磁控溅射 退火     

Preparation of antimicrobial poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning PVA/silver nitrate (AgNO₃) aqueous solutions, followed by short heat treatment, and their antimicrobial activity was investigated for wound dressing applications. Since PVA is a water soluble and biocompatible polymer, it is one of the best materials for the preparation of wound dressing nanofibers. After heat treatment at 155 °C for 3 min, the PVA/AgNO₃ nanofibers became insoluble, while the Ag⁺ ions therein were reduced so as to produce a large number of Ag nanoparticles situated preferentially on their surface. The residual Ag⁺ ions were reduced by subsequent UV irradiation for 3 h. The average diameter of the Ag nanoparticles after the heat treatment was 5.9 nm and this value increased slightly to 6.3 nm after UV irradiation. It was found that most of the Ag⁺ ions were reduced by the simple heat treatment. The PVA nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles showed very strong antimicrobial activity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2468–2474, 2006     

Scientist up to the highest level

Dr. Miroslav Kyrš, DrSc. passed away prematurely and unexpectedly in August 2006 at age of 75. He was a leading person of the Czech radiochemistry during the second half of the 20th century and his results have of world-wide impact. His diligence, intelligence and permanent activity led him to be at first a laboratory chief and subsequently for about 25 years to be a chief of the Radiochemical Department of Czech Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) at Řež near Prague.     

An elementary proof of the uniqueness of invariant product measures for some infinite dimensional processesUne preuve élémentaire de l'unicité des mesures invariantes produits pour certains processus en dimension infinie

Consider an infinite dimensional diffusion process with state space , where T is the circle, and defined by an infinitesimal generator L which acts on local functions f as . Suppose that the coefficients a_i and b_i are smooth, bounded, of finite range, have uniformly bounded second order partial derivatives, that a_i are uniformly bounded from below by some strictly positive constant, and that a_i is a function only of η_i. Suppose that there is a product measure ν which is invariant. Then if ν is the Lebesgue measure or if d=1,2, it is the unique invariant measure. Furthermore, if ν is translation invariant, it is the unique invariant, translation invariant measure. The proofs are elementary. Similar results can be proved in the context of an interacting particle system with state space , with uniformly positive bounded flip rates which are finite range. To cite this article: A.F. Ram??rez, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 139–144