Misuse of Cardiac Lipid upon Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements—A Focused Review

Heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead are frequently found in the soil, water, food, and atmosphere; trace amounts can cause serious health issues to the human organism. These toxic trace elements (TTE) affect almost all the organs, mainly the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and the nervous system, through increased free radical formation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein sulfhydryl depletion. This work aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind lipid accumulation via increased free fatty acid levels in circulation due to TTEs. The increased lipid level in the myocardium worsens the heart function. This dysregulation of the lipid metabolism leads to damage in the structure of the myocardium, inclusive fibrosis in cardiac tissue, myocyte apoptosis, and decreased contractility due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it is discussed herein how exposure to cadmium decreases the heart rate, contractile tension, the conductivity of the atrioventricular node, and coronary flow rate. Arsenic may induce atherosclerosis by increasing platelet aggregation and reducing fibrinolysis, as exposure interferes with apolipoprotein (Apo) levels, resulting in the rise of the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio and an elevated risk of acute cardiovascular events. Concerning mercury and lead, these toxicants can cause hypertension, myocardial infarction, and carotid atherosclerosis, in association with the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. This review offers a complete overview of the critical factors and biomarkers of lipid and TTE-induced cardiotoxicity useful for developing future protective interventions.     

Stopping power measurements of Si in polycarbonate detectors

The rate of energy loss of the impinging ion as it passes through succeeding layers of the target material gives information regarding the nature of the material and helps to calculate the range of the ions in a thick target in which the ions are stopped. In the present work, the range of 118 MeV ²⁸Si was measured in different types of polycarbonates, viz. Makrofol-N, Makrofol-G and Makrofol-KG, using the nuclear track technique. Polyallyldiglycol carbonate (PADC) was used as the backing detector. The experimental values of range and energy-loss rate are compared with the theoretical values obtained from different computer codes, viz. BENTON, HUBERT, RANGE, TRIM’98 and SRIM’03.     

Scaling laws for plasma transport due toη i-driven turbulence

The scale invariance technique has been employed to discuss theη _i-driven turbulent transport under a new fluid model developed by Kimet al [1]. Our analysis reveals that the finite Larmour radius effect plays a decisive role to determine the scaling behaviour of the energy transport under the new fluid model. However, the overall scaling of the transport coefficient remains unchanged as compared to that derived by Connor [2] under the traditional fluid model. The approximations considered by Connor [2] are qualified with additional requirements within the new fluid approach. In the dissipative case, which has not been discussed earlier, additional constraints on the power scaling laws of the transport properties are imposed due to the dissipative mechanisms in the basic governing equations.     

Studies on the track formation mechanism of the heavy ions in CR-39

The bulk etch rate for two types of CR-39 detector was measured as a function of temperature and the activation energies of bulk etching was determined. Experimental values of track etch rate were derived directly from the function of the succesive measured track length vrs. etching time for ²⁰⁹Bi, ¹²⁹Xe and ²⁰Ne ions.

The maximum etchable length of 13 MeV/u ²⁰⁹Bi and 13.04 MeV/u ¹²⁹Xe ions have been measured at and below these energies. A comparison of the measured and calculated track length data is presented.     

Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrido[2,3-d; 5-d′]dipyrimidines as potential chemotherapeutic agents. VIII

Reactions of 5-dimethylaminomethylene-6-imino-1,3-dimethyluracil hydrochloride (1) with active methylene compounds 2 and 4 yielded bi- and tricyclic heterocyclic compounds 3 and 5 . All the prepared compounds were screened for chemotherapeutical activities but none were active.     

The structure of naked singularity in self-similar gravitational collapse

We study the structure and formation of naked singularities in selfsimilar gravitational collapse for an adiabatic perfect fluid. Conditions are obtained for the singularity to be either locally or globally naked and for the families of non-spacelike geodesics to terminate at the singularity in past. This is shown to be a strong curvature naked singularity in a powerful sense and an interesting relationship is pointed out between positivity of energy and occurrence of naked singularity.     

Determination of lead by the precipitation of lead molybdate from a homogeneous solution by the diffusion method

A satisfactory quantitative method for the determination of lead as lead molybdate by precipitation from a homogeneous solution has been developed. The method employs the diffusion of ammonia into a solution containing lead and sodium molybdate in nitric acid medium. The precipitation of lead in the range of 28·0–280·0 mg is complete within 8–9 hours. Anions like sulphate, arsenate, phosphate, tungstate and chromate in moderate concentrations and cations such as Zn (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), Mn (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), Ag (I), Ti (IV), As (V), Mg (II) and Al (III) do not contaminate the precipitate. The precipitate gets constant weight at 120°. This eliminated the ignition of the precipitate,i.e., the contamination of molybdic oxide by the precipitate was reduced.     

Self-consistent quasi-particle model

Here we review the recently developed self-consistent quasi-particle model of QGP and apply it to fit the lattice QCD data on (2+1) flavor QGP.