On Nonlocality of Quantum Objects

We present an option of the experiment with a correlated pair of particles in the entangled state, which provides the effect of a change in the polarization for entangled photons, and demonstrate the reality of all different superposition states and the corresponding vector of the quantum system state; also we analyze possible consequences of this fact. We propose a quantum realism paradigm within the relational paradigm instead of the local realism concept disproved by the experiments on verifying the Bell inequalities. We analyze the results of experimental research of the Leggett inequality violation with respect to the verification of the adequacy of different kinds of nonlocal hidden variable theories and suggest a new way of their evaluation based on the study of the photon cross-correlation suppression after a beam splitter and preparation of quantum squeezed states. We show that the interpretation based on the nonlocal hidden variable theory is inconsistent.     

Astrogeometry: Toward mathematical foundations

Inimage processing (e.g., inastronomy), the desired black-and-white image is, from the mathematical viewpoint, aset. Hence, to process images, we need to process sets. To define a generic set, we need infinitely many parameters; therefore, if we want to represent and process sets in the computer, we must restrict ourselves to finite-parameter families of sets that will be used to approximate the desired sets. The wrong choice of a family can lead to longer computations and worse approximation. Hence, it is desirable to find the family that it isthe best in some reasonable sense. In this paper, we show how the problems of choosing the optimal family of sets can be formalized and solved. As a result of the described general methodology, forastronomical images, we get exactly the geometric shapes that have been empirically used by astronomers and astrophysicists; thus, we have atheoretical explanation for these shapes.     

Nondiffusive spin dynamics in a two-dimensional electron gas

We describe measurements of spin dynamics in the two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells. Optical techniques, including transient spin-grating spectroscopy, are used to probe the relaxation rates of spin polarization waves in the wave vector range from zero to 6x10(4) cm-1. We find that the spin polarization lifetime is maximal at a nonzero wave vector, in contrast with expectations based on ordinary spin diffusion, but in quantitative agreement with recent theories that treat diffusion in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.     

Effects of photon field on heat transport through a quantum wire attached to leads

We theoretically investigate photo-thermoelectric transport through a quantum wire in a photon cavity coupled to electron reservoirs with different temperatures. Our approach, based on a quantum master equation, allows us to investigate the influence of a quantized photon field on the heat current and thermoelectric transport in the system. We find that the heat current through the quantum wire is influenced by the photon field resulting in a negative heat current in certain cases. The characteristics of the transport are studied by tuning the ratio, $?{\omega }_{\gamma }/k_{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{\Delta }T$, between the photon energy, $?{\omega }_{\gamma }$, and the thermal energy, $k_{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{\Delta }T$. The thermoelectric transport is enhanced by the cavity photons when $k_{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{\Delta }T>?{\omega }_{\gamma }$. By contrast, if $k_{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{\Delta }T<?{\omega }_{\gamma }$, the photon field is dominant and a suppression in the thermoelectric transport can be found in the case when the cavity-photon field is close to a resonance with the two lowest one-electron states in the system. Our approach points to a new technique to amplify thermoelectric current in nano-devices.     

Charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in central Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[S(NN)] = 2.76 TeV

The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √ S NN = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most central 5% of the hadronic cross section, the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles at midrapidity is 1584 ± 4(stat) ± 76(syst), which corresponds to 8.3 ± 0.4(syst) per participating nucleon pair. This represents an increase of about a factor 1.9 relative to pp collisions at similar collision energies, and about a factor 2.2 to central Au-Au collisions at √ S NN = 2.76 TeV. This measurement provides the first experimental constraint for models of nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies.     

Separation technique based on electrophoresis,chromatography and magnetism phenomena: the migration time and peak broadening

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Trapped in Misbelief for Almost 40 Years: Selective Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of Mefloquine

Here we report the synthesis of all four stereoisomers of mefloquine. Mefloquine (Lariam) is an important anti‐malaria drug that is applied as a racemate of the erythro form. However, the (?)‐isomer induces psychosis, while the (+)‐enantiomer does not have this undesired side effect. There are six syntheses of which five lead to the wrong enantiomer without the authors of these syntheses noting that they had synthesized the wrong compound. At the same time physical chemistry investigations had assigned the absolute configuration correctly and the last enantioselective synthesis that took these results into account delivered the correct absolute configuration. Since various synthetic approaches failed to provide the correct stereoisomers in previous syntheses, we submit here a synthetic approach with a domino Sonogashira‐6π‐electrocyclisation as key step that confirmed synthetically the correct absolute configuration of all four isomers.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Intramolecular Oxidative Amidation of Alkenes in the Synthesis of 1,3‐ and 1,4‐Amino Alcohols and 1,3‐Diamines

An efficient and practical Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative allylic amidation provides facile access to derivatives of 1,3‐ and 1,4‐amino alcohols and 1,3‐diamines. The method operates under mild reaction conditions (RT) with molecular oxygen (1 atm) as the sole reoxidant of Pd. Excellent diastereoselectivities were attained with substrates bearing a secondary stereogenic center