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71.
Selvam Noyel Victoria Srinivasan Ramanathan 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2011,15(4):837-844
The effect of l-glutamic acid as complexing agent in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer in copper chemical mechanical polishing
(CMP) slurry is investigated. In the CMP process, the work surface is moved against a pad, with slurry flowing between the
surface and the pad. The polish rate was found to be stable over a wide range of hydrogen peroxide concentration. High concentration
of either l-glutamic acid or hydrogen peroxide leads to a reduction in polish rate, but a high concentration of both chemicals does not
reduce the polish rate. In the absence of hydrogen peroxide, the Cu polish rate was 0 for all the l-glutamic acid concentrations investigated. However, potentiodynamic polarization curves do not show any sign of passivation
when l-glutamic acid was present in the solution. In situ open circuit potential measurements show that copper redox reactions as
well as hydrogen peroxide redox reactions contribute in determining the electrochemical behavior. We propose that l-glutamic acid inhibits the copper dissolution by adsorption onto the metallic copper, but enhances copper dissolution by
complexing copper ions. The results show that it is possible to conduct controllable copper CMP in mildly acidic slurries
with hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer and l-glutamic acid as complexing agent. 相似文献
72.
Victoria A. Piunova Hans W. Horn Gavin O. Jones Julia E. Rice Robert D. Miller 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(4):563-569
This study reports an application of trichloroethanol (TCE) as a bifunctional initiator for the synthesis of block copolymers (BCPs) by organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (OROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). TCE was employed to synthesize a low dispersity poly (valerolactone) macroinitiator, which was subsequently used for the ATRP of tert‐butyl methacrylate. While it is known that TCE can serve as an initiator in ATRP, the ability to induce polymerization under OROP is reported for the first time. The formation of well‐defined BCPs was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR. Computational studies were performed to obtain a molecular‐level understanding of the ring‐opening polymerization mechanism involving TCE as initiator. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 563–569 相似文献
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A three-dimensional stochastic model of chromatography has been used to determine the effect of multiple sites on the partition mechanism. The effect of additional sites on mass transfer rates, zone profiles, and their statistical moments are investigated as a function of the partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and interfacial barrier to mass transfer. These studies have demonstrated that changes in the partition coefficient alone are not sufficient to alter the system response from that of a single site. Changes in the diffusion coefficient and the barrier to mass transfer do cause changes in the response compared to that of a single site. The zone profiles produced by the systems become more asymmetric as the difference between the diffusion coefficients or the barriers to mass transfer increases. The site with the slower mass transfer rate plays the dominant role in the total system response. 相似文献
76.
Julia Pérez-Iglesias Hervilia M. Seco-Lago Jesús M. Castro-Romero José M. Fernández-Solis Victoria González-Rodríguez 《The Chemical Educator》2000,5(1):27-30
Spectrophotometry is an analytical technique that is studied at the university level because of its ease of operation and low expense. Three different experimental methods of gradual difficulty are proposed for the application of this technique to the simultaneous determination of two metals. The techniques are applicable to the practice of all subdisciplines of experimental chemistry. These techniques are (1) absorption spectrophotometry, the determination of cobalt (II) and copper (II); (2) first-derivative spectrophotometry, the determination of chromium (III) and copper (II); and (3) first-derivative spectrophotometry using the zero-crossing method, the determination of copper (II) and mercury (II). 相似文献
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78.
Pabla?Aguirre Natalia?Mena Victoria?Tapia Miguel?Arredondo Marco?T?Nú?ezEmail author 《BMC neuroscience》2005,6(1):3
Background
Iron is necessary for neuronal function but in excess generates neurodegeneration. Although most of the components of the iron homeostasis machinery have been described in neurons, little is known about the particulars of their iron homeostasis. In this work we characterized the response of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and hippocampal neurons to a model of progressive iron accumulation. 相似文献79.
Ratynskaia S Khrapak S Zobnin A Thoma MH Kretschmer M Usachev A Yaroshenko V Quinn RA Morfill GE Petrov O Fortov V 《Physical review letters》2004,93(8):085001
The charge of dust particles is determined experimentally in a bulk dc discharge plasma in the pressure range 20-100 Pa. The charge is obtained by two independent methods: one based on an analysis of the particle motion in a stable particle flow and another on an analysis of the transition of the flow to an unstable regime. Molecular-dynamics simulations of the particle charging for conditions similar to those of the experiment are also performed. The results of both experimental methods and the simulations demonstrate good agreement. The charge obtained is several times smaller than predicted by the collisionless orbital motion theory, and thus the results serve as an experimental indication that ion-neutral collisions significantly affect particle charging. 相似文献
80.
Victoria Hernández-Mederos Pedro L. del Ángel Jorge Estrada-Sarlabous 《Numerical Algorithms》2008,48(1-3):29-47
In this paper we propose an advancing front method for generating an isotropic triangular mesh on a regular parametric surface. Starting from a point on the surface, the method computes a set of points in the intersection curve between the surface and the sphere centered at that point with a prescribed radius. From this set we select the vertices of a cell composed by triangles approximately equilateral. The mesh grows repeating the described computation with boundary vertices of the cell as starting points. Compared to methods proposed by other authors, the current method may be considered as an improvement, since it is more efficient and flexible. Furthermore, the resulting mesh is closer to being isotropic. Additionally, we obtain a sufficient condition ensuring that a surface triangulation is of Delaunay type. 相似文献