Recent advances and challenges in the recovery and purification of cellular exosomes

Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by most cellular types that carry important biochemical compounds throughout the body with different purposes, playing a preponderant role in cellular communication. Because of their structure, physicochemical properties and stability, recent studies are focusing in their use as nanocarriers for different therapeutic compounds for the treatment of different diseases ranging from cancer to Parkinson's disease. However, current bioseparation protocols and methodologies are selected based on the final exosome application or intended use and present both advantages and disadvantages when compared among them. In this context, this review aims to present the most important technologies available for exosome isolation while discussing their advantages and disadvantages and the possibilities of being combined with other strategies. This is critical since the development of novel exosome‐based therapeutic strategies will be constrained to the effectiveness and yield of the selected downstream purification methodologies for which a thorough understanding of the available technological resources is needed.     

On the Distributivity and Modularity Properties of the Lattice of Fitting Classes

Mathematical Notes - It is proved that the lattice of all Fitting classes of finite groups is not distributive, and conditions under which Fitting classes satisfy the distributive and modular laws...     

Minimal Contact Circuits for a Sequence of Boolean Functions

Mathematical Notes -     

Erratum to: Abductive Reasoning in Explanation Problems of an Observed Effect

Doklady Mathematics - An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064562421330012     

Quantitative Analysis of Al in Flour Products by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least Squares

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Based on partial least squares (PLS) analysis, the effects of different smoothing points and different preprocessing methods on the accuracy and precision of the...     

Growth of $${\text{N}}{{{\text{d}}}_{{{\text{1}}\; - \;y}}}{\text{Eu}}_{y}^{{{\text{2}} + }}{{{\text{F}}}_{{{\text{3}}\; - \;y}}}$$ Single Crystals with Tysonite-Type (LaF3) Structure and Investigation of the Concentration Dependence of Some Their Properties

Crystallography Reports - Nd1 – yEuyF3 – y crystals (y is the molar fraction of EuF2; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.15) with a tysonite (LaF3) structure have...     

Pyridine solvated dioxouranium complex with salen ligand: Synthesis,characterization and luminescence properties

A new derivative of dioxouranium(VI) salen complex, [UO2(L)(pyridine)], where [L = N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine] is synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N), FT-IR, ESI-MS spectrometry, UV/Vis, fluorescence, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric (TG) study. Furthermore, the single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements of the complex were carried out at 100 and 273 K. The crystal structure measurements revealed that the complex has distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with uranium atom located at the centre and bonded to two phenoxy oxygen and two azomethine nitrogen in tetradenate fashion and one nitrogen from pyridine making it seven coordinated. In addition, the photoluminescence property of the complex was also recorded.     

Synthesis of Substituted Aminopyrimidines as Novel Promising Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - A procedure has been proposed for the synthesis of a series of substituted N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-amines and N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thioureas by...     

Unique Solvability of a Linear Parabolic Problem with Nonlocal Time Data

Siberian Mathematical Journal - We consider a problem for a first-order differential equation in a Hilbert space. We replace the initial data with some condition that...     

Experimental and numerical analysis of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions

In the present work, the use of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger has been investigated. Cylindrical fin type of turbulators has been placed circumferentially separated by 90° on the outer side of an inner pipe at a regular pitch. Experimental studies were undertaken for different air flow rates in a turbulent regime whose Reynolds number range between 2500 and 10000. Heat transfer characteristics like Nu and friction factor have been experimentally determined. Parametric studies were conducted by changing the pitch and also the orientation of the turbulators. Nu and friction factor were found to increase as the pitch is reduced. A model with alternatively changed orientation outperformed others by exhibiting highest Nu and reduced friction factor.