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991.
992.
Marie Farge Eric Goirand Yves Meyer Frdric Pascal Mladen Victor Wickerhauser 《Fluid Dynamics Research》1992,10(4-6):229-250
We propose to use new orthonormal wavelet packet bases, more efficient than the Fourier basis, to compress two-dimensional turbulent flows. We define the “best basis” of wavelet packets as the one which, for a given enstrophy density, condenses the L2 norm into a minimum number of non-negligible wavelet packet coefficients. Coefficients below a threshold are discarded, reducing the number of degrees of freedom. We then compare the predictability of the original flow evolution with several such reductions, varying the number of retained coefficients, either from a Fourier basis, or from the best-basis of wavelet packets. We show that for a compression ratio of 1/2, we still have a deterministic predictability using the wavelet packet best-basis, while it is lost when using the Fourier basis. Likewise, for compression ratios of 1/20 and 1/200 we still have statistical predictability using the wavelet packet best-basis, while it is lost when using the Fourier basis. In fact, the significant wavelet packet coefficients in the best-basis appear to correspond to coherent structures. The weak coefficients correspond to vorticity filaments, which are only passively advected by the coherent structures. In conclusion, the wavelet packet best-basis seems to distinguish the low-dimensional dynamically active part of the flow from the high-dimensional passive components. It gives us some hope of drastically reducing the number of degrees of freedom necessary to the computation of two-dimensional turbulent flows. 相似文献
993.
Yanqing Deng Roland Kersting Victor Roytburd Jingzhou Xu Ricardo Ascazubi Kai Liu Xi-Cheng Zhang Michael S. Shur 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2004,25(2):215-228
We describe a method to determine the radiation spectrum of terahertz sources using a transmitted Fabry-Perot interferometer and a bolometer detector. Our novel Fabry-Perot spectrometer can measure the spectrum of an unknown broadband sub-terahertz and terahertz source. The spectrometer does not need to be pre-tuned. We develop a new algorithm to support the measurements using this spectrometer. Our technique allows us to measure the spectrum over more than an octave, and our numerical algorithm is very stable and robust, providing for an accurate spectrum determination. Two Gunn oscillation sources with the main frequencies at 200 GHz and 600 GHz are used to test the proposed method. The spectrum extracted from the measured data shows that this method is accurate and reliable. 相似文献
994.
We consider functionals of the calculus of variations of the form F(u)= ∝01 f(x, u, u′) dx defined for u ε W1,∞(0, 1), and we show that the relaxed functional
with respect to weak W1,1(0, 1) convergence can be written as
, where the additional term L(u), called the Lavrentiev term, is explicitly identified in terms of F. 相似文献
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995.
Marina S. Fonari Yurii A. Simonov Victor Ch. Kravtsov Vladimir O. Gelmboldt Edward V. Ganin Yurii A. Popkov Larisa V. Ostapchuk 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1998,30(3):197-213
Novel complementary associations have been found in a crystalline ternarycomplex of the macrocyclic tetramine, [12]aneN4 (e.g. =1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, cyclen, L), hexafluorosilicate ions andwater (I). The final compound belongs to the host—guest type with themacrocycle as the host (H), the inorganic entity as a guest (G) and watermolecules. It was characterized by X-ray techniques, IR spectroscopy andthermogravimetric study. X-ray crystal analysis revealed that the structureis built of the charged entities, with a 3D-network uniting thequadriprotonated form of the macrocycle, hexafluorosilicate as counterionsand lattice water molecules viaN—H+...F-,N—H+...O(w),OH...F- and O—-H(w)...O(w)hydrogen bonds. The overall complex stoichiometry comprises fourSiF6
2- anions and seven water molecules per two[LH4]4+ cations. Crystals of (I) are monoclinic,space group P21/n with a = 14.585(3), b = 16.384(2), c =16.500(3) Å, = 92.84(3)°, V = 3938(1)Å3 and Z = 8 forC8H31F12N4O3.5Si2. 相似文献
996.
Vladimir A. Ogurtsov Pavel V. Dorovatovskii Yan V. Zubavichus Victor N. Khrustalev Artem N. Fakhrutdinov Sergei G. Zlotin Oleg A. Rakitin 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(32):3143-3146
An efficient synthesis of [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine 1,5,6-trioxides (1) from 3,4-bis(hydroxyimino)methyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxides using a mixture of concentrated nitric and trifluoroacetic acids has been developed. The scope of the unconventional reaction was established. The 4,7-dinitro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine 1,5,6-trioxide 1f represents a new high energy compound, unfortunately with low thermal stability. The parent [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine 1,5,6-trioxide 1c was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis which revealed a planar molecule with an unusually long intracyclic NN bond of 1.668(5)?Å and unexpected exo-cyclic bond angles at the nitroxyl nitrogen atoms. In the crystal, the molecules of 1c are bound to each other by strong π-π stacking and CH?O hydrogen bonding interactions into a three-dimensional framework that results in a high crystal density of 1.833?gcm?3. 相似文献
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