全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4488篇 |
免费 | 164篇 |
国内免费 | 41篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2892篇 |
晶体学 | 28篇 |
力学 | 108篇 |
数学 | 967篇 |
物理学 | 698篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 98篇 |
2021年 | 114篇 |
2020年 | 99篇 |
2019年 | 112篇 |
2018年 | 96篇 |
2017年 | 70篇 |
2016年 | 150篇 |
2015年 | 115篇 |
2014年 | 136篇 |
2013年 | 248篇 |
2012年 | 264篇 |
2011年 | 303篇 |
2010年 | 196篇 |
2009年 | 170篇 |
2008年 | 285篇 |
2007年 | 216篇 |
2006年 | 227篇 |
2005年 | 232篇 |
2004年 | 214篇 |
2003年 | 145篇 |
2002年 | 150篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 63篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 72篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 31篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4693条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Victor Szebehely 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》1979,30(2):364-369
The model of the planar restricted problem of three bodies is used to evaluate the stability of the inner planets of planetary systems with arbitrary mass ratios. A quantitative measure of stability is introduced by finding the difference between the critical value of the Jacobian constant (at which bifurcation may occur) and the value of the Jacobian constant that corresponds to planetary type orbits. Hill's definition of stability is used according to which inner planetary orbits are stable if they are bounded in a region enclosing only the larger primary. For small values of the massparameter (<10–3) the maximum value of the dimensionless radius of the orbit for Hill-stability is given by 1–2.4 µ1/3.
Dedicated to Professor Eduard Stiefel 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Die Stabilität von inneren Planetensystemen mit beliebigen Massenverhältnissen wird am Modell des ebenen restringierten Dreikörperproblems untersucht. Aufgrund der Differenz zwischen dem kritischen Wert der Jacobi-Konstanten (wo Bifurkation eintreten kann) und dem einer Planetenbahn entsprechenden Wert wird ein quantitatives Stabilitätsmass eingeführt. Dabei wird die Hillsche Stabilitätsdefinition verwendet, d.h. eine innere Planetenbahn heisst stabil, wenn sie ein nur den grösseren Zentralkörper enthaltendes Gebiet nicht verlassen kann. Für klein Werte des Massenparameters (<10–3) beträgt der maximale (dimensionslose) Radius einer Hill-stabilen Planetenbahn 1–2.4 µ1/3.
Dedicated to Professor Eduard Stiefel 相似文献
112.
113.
Nataliya A. Sanina Arina A. Starostina Andrey N. Utenyshev Pavel V. Dorovatovskii Nina S. Emelyanova Vladimir B. Krapivin Victor B. Luzhkov Viktoriya A. Mumyatova Anastasiya A. Balakina Alexei A. Terentiev Sergey M. Aldoshin 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(20)
In this work a new donor of nitric oxide (NO) with antibacterial properties, namely nitrosyl iron complex of [Fe(C6H5C-SNH2)2(NO)2][Fe(C6H5C-SNH2)(S2O3)(NO)2] composition (complex I), has been synthesized and studied. Complex I was produced by the reduction of the aqueous solution of [Fe2(S2O3)2(NO)2]2− dianion by the thiosulfate, with the further treatment of the mixture by the acidified alcohol solution of thiobenzamide. Based on the structural study of I (X-ray analysis, quantum chemical calculations by NBO and QTAIM methods in the frame of DFT), the data were obtained on the presence of the NO…NO interactions, which stabilize the DNIC dimer in the solid phase. The conformation properties, electronic structure and free energies of complex I hydration were studied using B3LYP functional and the set of 6–31 + G(d,p) basis functions. The effect of an aquatic surrounding was taken into account in the frame of a polarized continuous model (PCM). The NO-donating activity of complex I was studied by the amperometry method using an “amiNO-700” sensor electrode of the “inNO Nitric Oxide Measuring System”. The antibacterial activity of I was studied on gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus) bacteria. Cytotoxicity was studied using Vero cells. Complex I was found to exhibit antibacterial activity comparable to that of antibiotics, and moderate toxicity to Vero cells. 相似文献
114.
Kseniya Maryunina Gleb Letyagin Galina Romanenko Artem Bogomyakov Vitaly Morozov Sergey Tumanov Sergey Veber Matvey Fedin Evgeniya Saverina Mikhail Syroeshkin Mikhail Egorov Victor Ovcharenko 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(21)
The 2-imidazoline nitroxide derivatives of cymantrene—2-(η5-cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (NNMn) and 2-(η5-cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl (INMn) were synthesized. It was shown that NNMn and INMn exhibit a sufficiently high kinetic stability both in solids and in solutions under normal conditions. Their structural characteristics, magnetic properties and electrochemical behavior are close to Re(I) analogs. This opens the prospect of using paramagnetic cymantrenes as prototypes in the design of Re(I) half-sandwiched derivatives for theranostics, where therapy is combined with diagnostics by magnetic resonance imaging due to the contrast properties of nitroxide radicals. 相似文献
115.
Hybrid Silsesquioxane/Benzoate Cu7-Complexes: Synthesis,Unique Cage Structure,and Catalytic Activity
Alexey N. Bilyachenko Victor N. Khrustalev Evgenii I. Gutsul Anna Y. Zueva Alexander A. Korlyukov Lidia S. Shulpina Nikolay S. Ikonnikov Pavel V. Dorovatovskii Dmitri Gelman Elena S. Shubina Georgiy B. Shulpin 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(23)
A series of phenylsilsesquioxane-benzoate heptacopper complexes 1–3 were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Two parallel routes of toluene spontaneous oxidation (into benzyl alcohol and benzoate) assisted the formation of the cagelike structure 1. A unique multi-ligation of copper ions (from (i) silsesquioxane, (ii) benzoate, (iii) benzyl alcohol, (iv) pyridine, (v) dimethyl-formamide and (vi) water ligands) was found in 1. Directed self-assembly using benzoic acid as a reactant afforded complexes 2–3 with the same main structural features as for 1, namely heptanuclear core coordinated by (i) two distorted pentameric cyclic silsesquioxane and (ii) four benzoate ligands, but featuring other solvate surroundings. Complex 3 was evaluated as a catalyst for the oxidation of alkanes to alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohols to ketones with hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, respectively, at 50 °C in acetonitrile. The maximum yield of cyclohexane oxidation products as high as 32% was attained. The oxidation reaction results in a mixture of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone. Upon the addition of triphenylphosphine, the cyclohexyl hydroperoxide is completely converted to cyclohexanol. The specific regio- and chemoselectivity in the oxidation of n-heptane and methylcyclohexane, respectively, indicate the involvement of of hydroxyl radicals. Complex 3 exhibits a high activity in the oxidation of alcohols. 相似文献
116.
Funmilola Alabi Elijah G. Kiarie Caven Mguvane Mnisi Victor Mlambo 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(14)
The utility of the marama bean (MB) as an alternative protein source to soybean (SB) can be limited by the high concentration of trypsin inhibitors (TI). The physical treatment of MB has the potential to ameliorate the antinutritional activities of TI and modify other chemical components. Thus, this study investigated the effects of physical treatments on the chemical components and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) of raw MB and SB. The bean substrates were subjected to each of the following treatment methods: (1) room temperature (20–22 °C) soaking for 24 h; (2) electric stove cooking at 100 °C for 10, 20, and 30 min; (3) steam autoclaving at a temperature of 110 °C and pressure of 7 pounds per square inch (psi), as well as a temperature of 121 °C and 7 psi for 5, 15, and 30 min; (4) pre-soaked autoclaving at 110 °C (7 psi) and 121 °C (17 psi) for 5, 15, and 30 min. Treated MB and SB had greater (p < 0.05) crude protein content than untreated samples. All the treatments (except 24 h soaking of MB) reduced (p < 0.05) the TIA and ash content. Marama and SB are similar in protein content, but their amino acids profile and TIA are quite different. Soaking for 24 h was less effective in reducing TIA in MB and SB, compared to the thermal methods, and it was detrimental to the ash and amino acids profile of the two beans. Soaking prior to autoclaving yielded beans with the lowest TI concentrations. In conclusion, thermal methods reduced the TI contents and modified the level of proximate components and amino acids profile of the beans. 相似文献
117.
Ana Fernandes Sara Simes Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira Maria Joo Alegria Nuno Mateus Anabela Raymundo Victor de Freitas 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2023,28(1)
This work explores the potential of Rocha do Oeste pear pomace to be used as a sustainable and healthy food ingredient. Moreover, the enrichment with yeast protein extract (YPE) may be useful to design innovative food products. The main goals of this study were to assess pear pomace concerning: (i) chemical composition and antioxidant capacity; (ii) rheology, texture, and microstructure characterization (alone or enriched with YPE), before and after heating. The results showed that pear pomace was a rich source of dietary fibers (74.5% DW), with phenolic compounds (3.9 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g dry weight), also presenting antiradical activity (3.90 μmol Trolox equivalents/g DW). Pear pomace showed a shear thinning behavior and a typical soft-gel behavior, which was not affected by YPE enrichment, thus suggesting that YPE did not affect pear pomace technological properties. Thermal treatment also did not alter pear pomace rheological properties. YPE addition induced a decrease in the apparent viscosity and a destabilizing effect, compared to the samples that were subjected to thermal processing. These results highlight the importance of pear pomace and the use of YPE for protein enrichment, opening new opportunities for their exploitation. 相似文献
118.
Yuriy G. Denisenko Victor V. Atuchin Maxim S. Molokeev Alexander E. Sedykh Nikolay A. Khritokhin Aleksandr S. Aleksandrovsky Aleksandr S. Oreshonkov Nikolai P. Shestakov Sergey V. Adichtchev Alexey M. Pugachev Elena I. Salnikova Oleg V. Andreev Illaria A. Razumkova Klaus Müller-Buschbaum 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(13)
Praseodymium sulfate was obtained by the precipitation method and the crystal structure was determined by Rietveld analysis. Pr2(SO4)3 is crystallized in the monoclinic structure, space group C2/c, with cell parameters a = 21.6052 (4), b = 6.7237 (1) and c = 6.9777 (1) Å, β = 107.9148 (7)°, Z = 4, V = 964.48 (3) Å3 (T = 150 °C). The thermal expansion of Pr2(SO4)3 is strongly anisotropic. As was obtained by XRD measurements, all cell parameters are increased on heating. However, due to a strong increase of the monoclinic angle β, there is a direction of negative thermal expansion. In the argon atmosphere, Pr2(SO4)3 is stable in the temperature range of T = 30–870 °C. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition process of praseodymium sulfate octahydrate Pr2(SO4)3·8H2O was studied as well. The vibrational properties of Pr2(SO4)3 were examined by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy methods. The band gap structure of Pr2(SO4)3 was evaluated by ab initio calculations, and it was found that the valence band top is dominated by the p electrons of oxygen ions, while the conduction band bottom is formed by the d electrons of Pr3+ ions. The exact position of ZPL is determined via PL and PLE spectra at 77 K to be at 481 nm, and that enabled a correct assignment of luminescent bands. The maximum luminescent band in Pr2(SO4)3 belongs to the 3P0 → 3F2 transition at 640 nm. 相似文献
119.
Silvio Curia Feifei Ng Marie-Emrentienne Cagnon Victor Nicoulin Adolfo Lopez-Noriega 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(5)
This article presents the evaluation of diblock and triblock poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) amphiphilic copolymers (PEG-PTMCs) as excipients for the formulation of long-acting injectables (LAIs). Copolymers were successfully synthesised through bulk ring-opening polymerisation. The concomitant formation of PTMC homopolymer could not be avoided irrespective of the catalyst amount, but the by-product could easily be removed by gel chromatography. Pure PEG-PTMCs undergo faster erosion in vivo than their corresponding homopolymer. Furthermore, these copolymers show outstanding stability compared to their polyester analogues when formulated with amine-containing reactive drugs, which makes them particularly suitable as LAIs for the sustained release of drugs susceptible to acylation. 相似文献
120.
Denis Kudryavtsev Anastasia Isaeva Daria Barkova Ekaterina Spirova Renata Mukhutdinova Igor Kasheverov Victor Tsetlin 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(5)
Slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndromes (SCCMSs) are rare genetic diseases caused by mutations in muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits. Most of the known SCCMS-associated mutations localize at the transmembrane region near the ion pore. Only two SCCMS point mutations are at the extracellular domains near the acetylcholine binding site, α1(G153S) being one of them. In this work, a combination of molecular dynamics, targeted mutagenesis, fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology has been applied to G153S mutant muscle nAChR to investigate the role of hydrogen bonds formed by Ser 153 with C-loop residues near the acetylcholine-binding site. Introduction of L199T mutation to the C-loop in the vicinity of Ser 153 changed hydrogen bonds distribution, decreased acetylcholine potency (EC50 2607 vs. 146 nM) of the double mutant and decay kinetics of acetylcholine-evoked cytoplasmic Ca2+ rise (τ 14.2 ± 0.3 vs. 34.0 ± 0.4 s). These results shed light on molecular mechanisms of nAChR activation-desensitization and on the involvement of such mechanisms in channelopathy genesis. 相似文献