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31.
Entanglement versus correlations in spin systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We consider pure quantum states of N>1 spins or qubits and study the average entanglement that can be localized between two separated spins by performing local measurements on the other individual spins. We show that all classical correlation functions provide lower bounds to this localizable entanglement, which follows from the observation that classical correlations can always be increased by doing appropriate local measurements on the other qubits. We analyze the localizable entanglement in familiar spin systems and illustrate the results on the hand of the Ising spin model, in which we observe characteristic features for a quantum phase transition such as a diverging entanglement length. 相似文献
32.
We prove the existence of gapped quantum Hamiltonians whose ground states exhibit an infinite entanglement length, as opposed to their finite correlation length. Using the concept of entanglement swapping, the localizable entanglement is calculated exactly for valence bond and finitely correlated states, and the existence of the so-called string-order parameter is discussed. We also report on evidence that the ground state of an antiferromagnetic chain can be used as a perfect quantum channel if local measurements on the individual spins can be implemented. 相似文献
33.
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease that causes motor neuron degeneration, paralysis and death. Mutations in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are one cause for the familial form of this disease. Transgenic mice expressing mutant SOD1 develop age-dependent motor neuron degeneration, skeletal muscle weakness, paralysis and death similar to humans. The mechanism whereby mutant SOD1 induces motor neuron degeneration is not understood but widespread mitochondrial vacuolation has been observed during early phases of motor neuron degeneration. How this vacuolation develops is not clear, but could involve autophagic vacuolation, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) or uncharacterized mechanisms. To determine which of these possibilities are true, we examined the vacuolar patterns in detail in transgenic mice expressing mutant SOD1G93A. 相似文献34.
We show that no entanglement is necessary to distribute entanglement; that is, two distant particles can be entangled by sending a third particle that is never entangled with the other two. Similarly, two particles can become entangled by continuous interaction with a highly mixed mediating particle that never itself becomes entangled. We also consider analogous properties of completely positive maps, in which the composition of two separable maps can create entanglement. 相似文献
35.
We present a numerical method to evaluate partition functions and associated correlation functions of inhomogeneous 2D classical spin systems and 1D quantum spin systems. The method is scalable and has a controlled error. We illustrate the algorithm by calculating the finite-temperature properties of bosonic particles in 1D optical lattices, as realized in current experiments. 相似文献
36.
van Eis MJ van Der Linde BS de Kanter FJ de Wolf WH Bickelhaupt F 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2000,65(14):4348-4354
In contrast to the terminal phosphinidene complex PhPW(CO)(5) (2), which adds to [5]metacyclophane (1) in a 1,4-fashion, dichlorocarbene preferentially adds in a 1,2-fashion to the formal "anti-Bredt" type double bond of the aromatic ring of 1 to afford the norcaradiene 11b, which immediately rearranges to the bridged cycloheptatriene 12b and further by a [1,5] sigmatropic chlorine migration to the isomeric 13b as the first observable product. More slowly, the latter isomerizes via a dissociative mechanism to give 15b. A computational study supports the notion that the [1,5] chlorine migration in the rearrangement 12b --> 13b, for which an activation barrier of 70.2 kJ mol(-)(1) was calculated, is essentially concerted with minor charge separation. In contrast, the analogous [1,5] chlorine migration in the flat model compound 7,7-dichlorocycloheptatriene (12a) displays features of a dissociative pathway. 相似文献
37.
38.
Filip De Baerdemaeker Milan Šimek Christophe Leys Willy Verstraete 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2007,27(4):473-485
Among the configurations to generate plasma in electrically conductive liquids only the diaphragm and the capillary discharge
schemes allow to generate plasma which is not in contact with one of the electrodes. Based on this concept, this work reports
for the first time the development of an underwater plasma pump, in which the periodic electrical breakdown inside an asymmetrical
(sub-)millimetre hole results in a net flow of aqueous solution through the hole without the use of any moving parts such
as valves or diaphragms typically used in micropumps. Certain capillary geometries feature very stable flow rates and even
allow altering flow direction by changing the power. By varying the hole’s dimensions, the range of time-independent flow
rates covers more than one order of magnitude and as the discharge produces some of the strongest oxidants available, we believe
that this concept might find application in fields as water decontamination and sterilization. 相似文献
39.
40.
Audenaert KM Calsamiglia J Muñoz-Tapia R Bagan E Masanes L Acin A Verstraete F 《Physical review letters》2007,98(16):160501
We consider the problem of discriminating two different quantum states in the setting of asymptotically many copies, and determine the minimal probability of error. This leads to the identification of the quantum Chernoff bound, thereby solving a long-standing open problem. The bound reduces to the classical Chernoff bound when the quantum states under consideration commute. The quantum Chernoff bound is the natural symmetric distance measure between quantum states because of its clear operational meaning and because it does not seem to share some of the undesirable features of other distance measures. 相似文献