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21.
In this study,the three dimensional nanoscale organization in the photoactive layers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a methanofullerene derivative (PCBM) is revealed by transmission electron tomography.After annealing treatment,either at elevated temperature or during slow solvent evaporation,nanoscale interpenetrating networks are formed with high crystalline order and favorable concentration gradients of both components through the thickness of the photoactive layer.Such a tailored morphology acco... 相似文献
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Priya Gupta David Noone Joseph Galewsky Colm Sweeney Bruce H. Vaughn 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2009,23(16):2534-2542
This study demonstrates the application of Wavelength‐Scanned Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy (WS‐CRDS) technology which is used to measure the stable isotopic composition of water. This isotopic water analyzer incorporates an evaporator system that allows liquid water as well as water vapor to be measured with high precision. The analyzer can measure HO, HO and HD16O content of the water sample simultaneously. The results of a laboratory test and two field trials with this analyzer are described. The results of these trials show that the isotopic water analyzer gives precise, accurate measurements with little or no instrument drift for the two most common isotopologues of water. In the laboratory the analyzer has a precision of 0.5 per mil for δD and 0.1 per mil for δ18O which is similar to the precision obtained by laboratory‐based isotope ratio mass spectrometers. In the field, when measuring vapor samples, the analyzer has a precision of 1.0 per mil for δD and 0.2 per mil for δ18O. These results demonstrate that the isotopic water analyzer is a powerful tool that is appropriate for use in a wide range of applications and environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Vaughn MW 《The Journal of chemical physics》2005,123(13):134905
Many reactive processes in complex materials involve absorption of diffusing molecules. Recently, there has been interest in particle interaction with partially absorbing (or permeable) traps. Here, we present a simple and efficient method for accounting for the non-diffusion-limited reaction of particles when the flux of particles to the trap is governed by surface permeability. The trapping probability is determined from a one-dimensional Green's function, which results in a simple algebraic expression. This expression, which applies in the region immediately adjacent to the trap, is then used with a first-passage approach far from the trap. When applied to a suspension of permeable traps, the method is seen to give accurate results over the concentration range. The method is applied to the competition of reactive particles in a suspension of permeable spheres with a reactive continuous phase. 相似文献
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Weeks BL Vaughn MW Deyoreo JJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(18):8096-8098
Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to image meniscus formation between an AFM tip and a surface. At high relative humidity, 70%-99%, the meniscus formed is 100 to 1200 nm in height, orders of magnitude larger than predicted by the Kelvin equation using spherical geometry. The height of the meniscus also demonstrates hysteresis associated with increasing or decreasing relative humidity. 相似文献
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Márcio AF Belo-Filho Franklina MB Toledo Bernardo Almada-Lobo 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2014,65(11):1735-1747
Setup operations are significant in some production environments. It is mandatory that their production plans consider some features, as setup state conservation across periods through setup carryover and crossover. The modelling of setup crossover allows more flexible decisions and is essential for problems with long setup times. This paper proposes two models for the capacitated lot-sizing problem with backlogging and setup carryover and crossover. The first is in line with other models from the literature, whereas the second considers a disaggregated setup variable, which tracks the starting and completion times of the setup operation. This innovative approach permits a more compact formulation. Computational results show that the proposed models have outperformed other state-of-the-art formulation. 相似文献
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Katie M. Lewis Jennifer Kelley LeRoy PetersonJr. Mark D. Smith Rachel C. Severance Shae A. Vaughn Hans-Conrad zur Loye 《Journal of chemical crystallography》2010,40(10):867-871