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51.
A first novel synthetic utility of catalytic sodium nitrite in combination with aqueous HBr, for bromo decarboxylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid is described. α,β-Unsaturated carboxylic acid compounds successfully converted into corresponding bromo compounds. The advantages of this protocol are shorter reaction time and moderate to good yields. 相似文献
52.
An innovative conductometric measurement technique using a nonconventional but high‐performance (high‐precision, high‐resolution, rapid response features for online graphic display) in house–built pulsating conductivity monitoring instrument has been deployed to study the kinetic behavior during the reaction of ethyl acetate and NaOH. A laboratory‐made constant temperature reaction bath with the facility of continuous stirring of solution for homogeneous mixing was used to carry out experiments at desired solution temperatures. Rate constants of the saponification reaction in the temperature range at various temperatures (30–55°C) were determined, and the results were compared with the reported values. Although the reported data exhibit wide scatter, our data are in agreement with some of the literature data. From these data, thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and activation free energy have been evaluated. With the introduction of this novel conductometric measurement technique, the determination of rate constants at various solution temperatures becomes much simpler and faster. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 648–656, 2011 相似文献
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54.
Craig F Ferris Tara Stolberg Praveen Kulkarni Murali Murugavel Robert Blanchard D Caroline Blanchard Marcelo Febo Mathew Brevard Neal G Simon 《BMC neuroscience》2008,9(1):111
Background
With the advent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake animals it is possible to resolve patterns of neuronal activity across the entire brain with high spatial and temporal resolution. Synchronized changes in neuronal activity across multiple brain areas can be viewed as functional neuroanatomical circuits coordinating the thoughts, memories and emotions for particular behaviors. To this end, fMRI in conscious rats combined with 3D computational analysis was used to identifying the putative distributed neural circuit involved in aggressive motivation and how this circuit is affected by drugs that block aggressive behavior. 相似文献55.
Prasad Varanasi Larry A. Pugh Babu R.P. Bangaru 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》1974,14(9):829-838
Integrated intensity data at 300°K for J-multiplets between P(11)and R(11) in the V3-fundamental of 12CH4 are presented, along with the intensity of the entire Q-branch, which also encompasses the Q-branch of the V3-fundamental of 13CH4. These data, together with theoretical estimates for the intensities of J-multiplets of J > 11, sum up to a value of Sband= 284±14cm?2atm?1 at 300°K. This results is in excellent agreement with most of the previously published values for this parameter. Within experimental error, the intensities of the J-multiplets in the V3-fundamental do not seem to exhibit the strong anamolies that were characteristic of lines in the 2V3-band.Line widths have been measured at 100°K, 130°K, 190°K, 250°K, and 300°K for R(0), R(1), and R(2) broadened by He, Ne and Ar. The temperature dependence of the line width is discussed for the three cases of broadening. In neon broadening at 300°K, the ‘effective mean line widths’ for multiplets R(3) through R(11) have also been obtained experimentally; their J-dependence is interpreted using Gordon's theory of line shapes in multiplet spectra. 相似文献
56.
P. Varanasi 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》1983,30(6):517-522
Spectral transmittance measurements have been performed in the v6-fundamental of 12CH3D at 153 K. Relevant to the studies of the emission spectra of Titan recorded by the IRIS instruments on board Voyagers 1 and 2, N2 has been used as the broadening gas. Excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical spectral transmittance has been the result of using N2-broadened line widths and their dependence upon temperature measured by us in the v2-fundamental and S = 63.6 cm-2 atm-1 for the absolute intensity of the v6-fundamental. 相似文献
57.
Superconductive quantum circuits comprise quantized energy levels that may be coupled via microwave electromagnetic fields. Described in this way, one may draw a close analogy to atoms with internal (electronic) levels coupled by laser light fields. In this Letter, we present a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency that utilizes superconductive quantum circuit designs of present day experimental consideration. We discuss how a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency can be used to establish macroscopic coherence in such systems and, thereby, be utilized as a sensitive probe of decoherence. 相似文献
58.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is an effect observed in atomic systems, originating from quantum interference, in which electromagnetic transitions to and from a certain quantum state become suppressed. This dark state is also characterized by a quantum phase, relative to other states, which theoretically should stop evolving, but remain phase coherent, during transparency. We test this theoretical prediction using techniques developed for liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computation, applied to a spin-7/2 nuclear spin system. A sequence of quantum operations is applied to create the dark state, and during transparency its phase evolution is measured relative to a reference state using Ramsey interferometry. Experimental measurements of the fringe visibility are in excellent agreement with theoretical expectations, taking into account measured decoherence rates. 相似文献
59.
60.
Errey JC Mukhopadhyay B Kartha KP Field RA 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(23):2706-2707
Enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic approaches provide straightforward access to uridine diphospho sugars irrespective of the relative and absolute configuration of the sugar, its ring size and substitution pattern. 相似文献