Effectiveness of Sal Deoiled Seed Cake as an Inducer for Protease Production from Aeromonas sp. S1 for its Application in Kitchen Wastewater Treatment

The present study is an attempt to demonstrate the feasibility of sal (Shorea robusta) deoiled cake—a forest-based industrial by-product—as a cheaper media supplement for augmented protease production from Aeromonas sp. S1 and application of protease in the treatment of kitchen wastewater. Under optimized conditions, protease production could successfully be enhanced to 5.13-fold (527.5 U mL^?1) on using sal deoiled seed cake extract (SDOCE), as medium additive, compared to an initial production of 102.7 U mL^?1 in its absence. The culture parameters for optimum production of protease were determined to be incubation time (48 h), pH (7.0), SDOCE concentration (3 % (v/v)), inoculum size (0.3–0.6 % (v/v)), and agitation rate (100 rpm). The enzyme was found to have an optimum pH and temperature of 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The protease preparation was tested for treatment of organic-laden kitchen wastewater. After 96 h of wastewater treatment under static condition, enzyme preparation was able to reduce 74 % biological oxygen demand, 37 % total suspended solids, and 41 % oil and grease. The higher and improved level of protease obtained using sal deoiled seed cake-based media hence offers a new approach for value addition to this underutilized biomass through industrial enzyme production. The protease produced using this biomass could also be used as pretreatment tool for remediation of organic-rich food wastewater.     

Anodic fluorination of 4-methoxy-1-naphthol and 4-nitroanisole using Et3N · 5 HF in mixed nonaqueous solvent

Anodic fluorination of 4-methoxy-1-naphthol and 4-nitroanisole has been investigated in a mixed nonaqueous solvent using Et₃N · 5 HF as supporting electrolyte as well as fluorine source. In order to avoid the formation of polymer on the anode, pulse electrolysis was carried out without exchanging the electrodes. The proposed procedure ensures excellent yield at room temperature, shortest reaction time, and easy work-up which provide additional advantages in the context of green chemistry. Experimental parameters of the reaction are discussed.     

Thermal analysis of specific heat measurements in glassy Se80−xTe20Sbx alloys in glass transition region

In the present report, we have done specific heat measurements in glassy Se_80?xTe₂₀Sb_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 15) alloys in glass transition region. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique is used for this purpose. We have observed a tremendously huge increase in the specific heat (C_p) values at the glass transition temperature. The thermal analysis shows that the values of C_p below glass transition temperature and the difference of C_p values before and after glass transition (?C_p) are highly composition-dependent.     

Arens regularity of projective tensor products

For completely contractive Banach algebras A and B (respectively operator algebras A and B), the necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator space projective tensor product \({A\widehat{\otimes}B}\) (respectively the Haagerup tensor product \({A\otimes^{h}B}\)) to be Arens regular are obtained. Using the non-commutative Grothendieck inequality, we show that, for C*-algebras A and B, \({A\otimes^{\gamma} B}\) is Arens regular if \({A\widehat{\otimes}B}\) and \({A\widehat{\otimes}B^{op}}\) are Arens regular whereas \({A\widehat{\otimes}B}\) is Arens regular if and only if \({A\otimes^{h}B}\) and \({B\otimes^{h}A}\) are, where \({\otimes^h}\), \({\otimes^{\gamma}}\), and \({\widehat{\otimes}}\) are the Haagerup, the Banach space projective tensor norm, and the operator space projective tensor norm, respectively.     

Terphenyl-phenanthroline conjugate as a Zn(2+) sensor: H(2)PO(4)(-) induced tuning of emission wavelength

A new terphenyl-based macrocycle 5 incorporating phenanthroline as a fluorophore has been designed, synthesized and examined for its recognition ability toward various cations (Pb(2+), Hg(2+), Ba(2+), Cd(2+), Ag(+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+), K(+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and Li(+)) by UV-vis, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. The receptor 5 showed highly selective 'Off-On' fluorescence signaling behavior for Zn(2+) ions in THF. Interestingly, the addition of H(2)PO(4)(-) ions to the [5-Zn] complex regulates the binding site for additional Zn(2+) ions and hence leads to a blue-shifted emission band.     

Hetero-oligophenylene-based AIEE material as a multiple probe for biomolecules and metal ions to construct logic circuits: application in bioelectronics and chemionics

New hetero-oligophenylene derivative (2) was synthesized which exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in H(2)O/THF (80:20). The aggregates serve as a biological probe for three different proteins, that is bovine serum albumin (BSA), cytochrome?c, and lysozyme, and DNA in contrasting modes. Further, among 29 metal ions tested, the contrasting fluorescence behavior of aggregates of 2 is observed with only Pb(2+) and Pd(2+) ions. Multiple output logic circuits based upon the fluorescence behavior between BSA and cytochrome?c and between Pb(2+) and Pd(2+) ions are constructed.     

Symmetry and quasi-centrality of the operator space projective tensor product

For C*-algebras A and B, the operator space projective tensor product ${A\widehat{\otimes}B}$ and the Banach space projective tensor product ${A\otimes_{\gamma}B}$ are shown to be symmetric. We also show that ${A\widehat{\otimes}B}$ is a weakly Wiener algebra. Finally, quasi-centrality and the unitary group of ${A\widehat{\otimes}B}$ are discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of thiophene and fluorene based donor–acceptor conjugated polymer containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole units for light-emitting diodes

A new donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymer (PDTOF) containing 3,4-didodecyloxythiophene, fluorene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole units is synthesized by using Wittig reaction methodology. The synthesized polymer is characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and elemental analysis. The optical energy band gap of the polymer is found to be 2.42 eV as calculated from the onset absorption edge. The electrochemical studies of PDTOF reveal that, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymer are ?5.45 eV and ?3.58 eV, respectively. The polymer is thermally stable up to 320 °C. Polymer light-emitting diode devices are fabricated with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PDTOF/Al using PDTOF as the emissive layer. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the device showed green emission with CIE coordinate values (0.34, 0.47). By current density–voltage characteristics, threshold voltage of the PLED device is found to be 6.5 V.     

Investigation of Long Period Grating as refractive index sensor

In this paper, we have theoretically and experimentally investigated the response of Long Period Grating (LPG) as refractive index sensor. The response has been checked for the refractive index ranging from 1 to 1.458. It was found that the experimental results are very close to the theoretically simulated results. The ambient refractive index response of an LPG over a much wider index range has been modeled for values both less and more than the cladding refractive index.