Metal content in river suspended particulate matter: data on Po River

The present study summarizes the last ten years of literature on heavy metal distribution in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and dissolved phase in the Po River (Italy). The work compares different methodologies employed to collect, concentrate and fractionate the samples. The importance of metal speciation as a function of particle size is underlined and two approaches to metal speciation in the colloidal fraction of Po River SPM are presented: Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation (SdFFF) and pH-dependent extractions. Finally, emphasis is placed on the need for comparison with a reference "natural background level" of the metal load in Po River particulate matter in order to determine the real human contribution to river pollution. The high values of some trace transition elements, such as Cr and Ni, have been compared with clay sediments around Ferrara and with bricks in historic buildings. The highly comparable natural concentration of these metals in Po fine sedimentary rocks and in historic brick buildings of Ferrara (XII-XVI centuries) can provide information on natural geochemical anomalies.     

Diffusion of Si-acceptor in δ-doped GaAs grown on GaAs(111)A by molecular beam epitaxy

Diffusion of Si-acceptors (Si occupying As sites) in δ-doped GaAs grown on GaAs(111)A has been investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). We have measured the diffusion parameters in GaAs(111)A and found that they differ from those in GaAs(001). The diffusion coefficient in GaAs(111)A is smaller than that in GaAs(001) and the activation energy in GaAs(111)A is larger than that in GaAs(001). Furthermore, the diffusion mechanism of Si in GaAs(111)A has been investigated by photoluminescence; we have found that in p-type layers Si-donors (Si occupying Ga sites) diffuse easily to As sites. The activation energy of Si-acceptor diffusion is 2.74±0.11 eV. These results indicate that Si-acceptors are more stable than Si-donors.     

固定投资回报型合同节水管理项目收益分配模型

合同节水管理(WSMC)是一种用节约的水费支付改造成本并获取收益的节水模式,主要涉及用户与节水服务公司两个参与方。本文研究用户无法观测节水服务公司行动条件下固定投资回报型WSMC中的收益分配问题,该模式优先偿还投资,其次分享收益的特征需要激励机制诱使节水服务公司增加节水收益。首先,选取改造成本和节水量作为激励因素,设计用户对节水服务公司的激励合同,并构建节水量产出函数。其次,以用户的期望效用最大化为目标,建立用户对节水服务公司的激励模型并采用逆推法求解模型。再次,对均衡结果进行分析,结果表明:节水服务公司的最优成本分享比例和最优节水量分享比例与风险规避程度、努力成本系数和项目不确定性负相关;此外,最优节水量分享比例与综合能力正相关。最后,通过数值分析探讨分享比例和努力程度随合同参数的变化情况。     

不同类型的明胶对DCG全息图的衍射效率影响的研究

本文对几种不同类型的明胶对DCG全息图的衍射效率的影响进行了研究。发现不同类型的明胶对DCG全息图的衍射效率的影响差异较大。活性胶,最高衍射效率可达80%以上,全息图的透明度很好;改性胶,衍射效率在60～80%之间,全息图上易产生“白雾”;惰性明胶,虽可得到透明清晰的全息图,但最高衍射效率一般不超过50%.     

氯化钠相转变 K-型卡拉胶/聚 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共混凝胶的辐射合成及性质研究

用γ辐射技术合成了K 型卡拉胶 (KC)与聚N 异丙基丙烯酰胺共混凝胶 (Blendgels) .合成产物透明 ,有弹性和较好的力学强度 .对不同条件下共混凝胶性能的测定结果表明 ,所形成的共混凝胶有明显的氯化钠相转变性质 ,也保持了聚N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (PNIPAM)特有的温度敏感性 (LCST为 34℃ )     

TEG-99环氧树脂的合成与性能研究

以松节油为原料合成出新型TEG - 99环氧树脂 ,研究了它分别与典型胺类、聚酰胺类及酸酐类固化剂的固化反应和固化产物的性能。结果表明 ,以松节油为原料合成TEG - 99环氧树脂的过程简单、稳定 ,产物具有与双酚A型环氧树脂相似的外观、理化性能、固化特征等 ,是松节油综合利用的一个有前景的途径     

羧甲基淀粉的应用与合成

综述了羧甲基淀粉的合成方法、合成过程中的影响因素以及应用现状     

扇图在曲面上嵌入的分类

图在曲面上嵌入的分类就是确定图在同一曲面上(不等价的)嵌入的数目.本文,利用刘彦佩提出的嵌入的联树模型,得到了双极图与扇图的关联曲面之间的关系,进而由已知结论的双极图的亏格分布和完全亏格分布推导出扇图的亏格分布和完全亏格分布,并给出了扇图在亏格为1-4的不可定向曲面上嵌入的个数的显式.     

基于RL特征的光学公式识别方法

提出了一种光学公式识别与分析的新方法,在公式符号提取与识别中采用RL(Run_length)特征以提高识别率。采用二层连通区域搜索算法提取公式符号的图像,其中第一层为基于RL特征的符号提取,得到复合符号的整体连通区域;第二层为传统搜索方法,进一步确定这些复合符号中包含的单一符号。设计了专门的公式符号识别器,对公式符号进行识别;根据符号间的语义信息和几何关系得到公式的逻辑结构;最终表达为公式结构树。在对印刷文献中所含公式的识别实验中取得了较好的效果,表明该方法具有良好的应用前景。     

Experimental demonstration of quantum source coding

We report an experimental demonstration of Schumacher's quantum noiseless coding theorem. Our experiment employs a sequence of single photons, each of which represents three qubits in terms of eight spatial and polarization modes. We initially prepare each photon in one of a set of eight nonorthogonal code word states corresponding to the value of a block of three binary letters. We use quantum coding to compress this quantum data into a two-qubit quantum channel and then uncompress the two-qubit channel to restore the original data with a fidelity approaching the theoretical limit.