A new synthesis of spiro-fused 1,4-benzothiazines

A new preparative procedure was developed for the synthesis of spiro-fused 1,4-benzothiazines by thermal heterocyclization of S-benzyl and S-phenacyl derivatives of o-indothiophenol.     

Interference of oblique shock waves of one family in a hypersonic flow

A study is made of the irregular regime of interaction of two shock waves of the same direction when a hypersonic gas stream flows past bodies of complicated shape. It is shown that the rarefaction waves formed in the flow field significantly weaken the shock wave that approaches the body. This effect is confirmed by the results of an experiment and numerical calculations.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 134–138, September–October, 1982.     

An analog of the system of reference functions corresponding to the walsh functions

An orthonormal system of entire functions of exponential type in L₂(–; ) is constructed with the aid of the system of the Walsh functions and its approximation properties are considered.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 485–493, April, 1977.The author thanks A. V. Efimov for useful advice and suggestions.     

Analytische Aspekte der Oxydation organischer Stickstoffverbindungen mit Chromsäure. IV

Zusammenfassung Die schon früher vorgeschlagene Halbmikromethode zur Bestimmung der N-N-Gruppierung wurde an einer Reihe aromatischer Azoverbindungen erprobt. Sie beruht auf der Oxydation der Substanz mit einem Chromsäure-Schwefelsäure-Gemisch in einer geschlossenen Apparatur. Die Azogruppen werden als elementarer Stickstoff abgespalten, der im Azotometer gesammelt und gemessen wird. Durch die Rücktitration der unverbrauchten Chromsäure kann außerdem die Oxydationszahl der untersuchten Substanz bestimmt werden.

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Summary The semimicro method previously suggested for the determination of the N-N-grouping was tested on a number of aromatic azo compounds. It is based on oxidation of the sample with a chromic-sulfuric acid mixture in a closed apparatus. The azo groups are split off as elementary nitrogen which is collected in an azotometer and measured. In addition the oxidation number of the material being studied can be found by backtitration of the unconsumed chromic acid.

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Résumé On a mis à l'épreuve la semimicrométhode déjà préconisée auparavant, pour le dosage du groupe N-N, sur une série de composés azo-aromatiques. Elle repose sur l'oxydation de la substance par un mélange d'acide chromique et d'acide sulfurique, en système clos. Les groupes azoïques se trouvent dissociés à l'état d'azote élémentaire que l'on récupère et que l'on dose dans l'azotomètre. On peut déterminer, de plus, l'indice d'oxydation de la substance étudiée par titrage en retour de l'acide chromique non consommé.

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III. Mitteilung siehe 1.     

Gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes

It is believed that the detection of gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes is highly improbable in the near future since the expected photon flux, consisting mainly of photons with energies ? GeV, is too low. Contrary to this point of view, we show that a large fraction of the black hole power at the final stage of evaporation (the last 10³ s) can be liberated as a burst of soft γ-ray emission of duration 10^?1–10³ s and luminosity 10²⁸–10³¹ erg/s in the energy range 0.1–1 MeV. According to our calculations of the black hole evaporation rate (within the Standard Model of elementary particles), when the black hole temperature exceeds approximately 10 GeV, the charged particle outflow from a black hole forms a well-defined plasma and can be described in the hydrodynamic approximation. In this case more than half of the rest energy of a black hole can be converted into soft gamma-rays due to the presence of the magnetic field with energy density comparable to that of charged particles. We consider various mechanisms leading to such transformation and estimate their efficiency. It is shown that, at least, some of the gamma-ray bursts detected by BATSE can be associated with evaporating black holes.     

Synthesis and opening of the thiadiazine ring in 6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines

A reaction of 3-benzylthiotriazole-4-amines with aromatic aldehydes leads to the formation of 6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines. A dihydrothiadiazine ring opening along the N-N bond occurs by the action of strong bases. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1249–1252, June, 2008.     

Pro duction of Exotic Nuclei in Low-Energy Multi-Nucleon Transfer Reactions

Multinucleon transfer processes in low-energy heavy ion collisions open a new field of research in nuclear physics, namely, production and studying properties of heavy neutron rich nuclei. This not-yet-explored area of the nuclear map is extremely important for understanding the astrophysical nucleosynthesis and the origin of heavy elements. Beams of very heavy U-like ions are needed to produce new long-living isotopes of transfermium and superheavy elements located very close to the island of stability.The calculated cross sections are high enough to perform the experiments at available accelerators.Beams of medium-mass ions (such as 136Xe, 192Os, 198Pt) can be used for the production of neutron rich nuclei located along the neutron closed shell N = 126 (the last waiting point) having the largest impact on the astrophysical r-process. The Low-energy multinucleon transfer reactions is a very efficient tool also for the production and spectroscopic study of light exotic nuclei. The corresponding cross sections are 2 or 3 orders of magnitude larger as compared with high energy fragmentation reactions.     

Model with uniquely deducible parameters for the combined analysis of two resonating vibrational states. Anharmonic resonances in molecules of asymmetric-gyroscope type

A model of an effective Hamiltonian with parameters that are uniquely deducible from the spectrum for the combined analysis of the rotational structure of two resonating vibrational states is proposed and validated. Anharmonic resonances in molecules of asymmetric-gyroscope type are considered.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 108–112, February, 1982.     

High-order anharmonicity parameters in various representations of the diatomic potential function and exact relations between spectroscopic constants. application to the co molecule

Closed formulae for Born—Oppenheimer anharmonicity parameters a_n in terms of isotopically invariant constants U_mj are derived for Dunham, Simons—Parr—Finlan, Ogilvie—Tipping and Thakkar representations and are applied to the CO molecule. Models for a fit of vibration—rotation and pure rotational transitions based on the exact relations U_mj = f(U_k,o, U_k-1.1) and U_mj = α(U_k,1, U_k,2) are discussed.