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101.
Mazaahir Kidwai Anwar Jahan Ritika Chauhan Neeraj Kumar Mishra 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(14):1728-1731
A new green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones via one-pot, three-component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and phthalhydrazide using reusable dodecylphosphonic acid (DPA) as heterogeneous solid acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions. This protocol provides a novel and improved method for obtaining 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones in terms of good yields with little catalyst loading. 相似文献
102.
A set W of the vertices of a connected graph G is called a resolving set for G if for every two distinct vertices u, v ∈ V (G) there is a vertex w ∈ W such that d(u, w) ≠ d(v, w). A resolving set of minimum cardinality is called a metric basis for G and the number of vertices in a metric basis is called the metric dimension of G, denoted by dim(G). For a vertex u of G and a subset S of V (G), the distance between u and S is the number min s∈S d(u, s). A k-partition Π = {S 1 , S 2 , . . . , S k } of V (G) is called a resolving partition if for every two distinct vertices u, v ∈ V (G) there is a set S i in Π such that d(u, Si )≠ d(v, Si ). The minimum k for which there is a resolving k-partition of V (G) is called the partition dimension of G, denoted by pd(G). The circulant graph is a graph with vertex set Zn , an additive group of integers modulo n, and two vertices labeled i and j adjacent if and only if i-j (mod n) ∈ C , where CZn has the property that C =-C and 0 ■ C. The circulant graph is denoted by Xn, Δ where Δ = |C|. In this paper, we study the metric dimension of a family of circulant graphs Xn, 3 with connection set C = {1, n/2 , n-1} and prove that dim(Xn, 3 ) is independent of choice of n by showing that dim(Xn, 3 ) ={3 for all n ≡ 0 (mod 4), 4 for all n ≡ 2 (mod 4). We also study the partition dimension of a family of circulant graphs Xn,4 with connection set C = {±1, ±2} and prove that pd(Xn, 4 ) is independent of choice of n and show that pd(X5,4 ) = 5 and pd(Xn,4 ) ={3 for all odd n ≥ 9, 4 for all even n ≥ 6 and n = 7. 相似文献
103.
S.Nadeem Anwar Hussain M.Y.Malik T.Hayat 《应用数学和力学(英文版)》2009,30(10):1255-1262
This study derives the analytic solutions of boundary layer flows bounded by a shrinking sheet. With the similarity transformations, the partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equations which are then solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Two-dimensional and axisymmetric shrinking flow cases are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Numerical investigations of asymmetric flow of a micropolar fluid between two porous disks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Numerical solution is presented for the two- dimensional flow of a micropolar fluid between two porous coaxial disks of different permeability for a range of Reynolds number Re (-300≤ Re 〈 0) and permeability parameter A (1.0≤A ≤2.0). The main flow is superimposed by the injection at the surfaces of the two disks. Von Karman's similarity transformations are used to reduce the governing equations of motion to a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in dimensionless form. An algorithm based on the finite difference method is employed to solve these ODEs and Richardson's extrapolation is used to obtain higher order accuracy. The results indicate that the parameters Re and A have a strong influence on the velocity and microrotation profiles, shear stresses at the disks and the position of the viscous/shear layer. The micropolar material constants cl, c2, c3 have profound effect on microrotation as compared to their effect on streamwise and axial velocity profiles. The results of micropolar fluids are compared with the results for Newtonian fluids. 相似文献
105.
An exact solution is presented for the hydromagnetic natural convection boundary layer flow past an infinite vertical flat
plate under the influence of a transverse magnetic field with magnetic induction effects included. The transformed ordinary
differential equations are solved exactly, under physically appropriate boundary conditions. Closed-form expressions are obtained
for the non-dimensional velocity (u), non-dimensional induced magnetic field component (B
x
) and wall frictional shearing stress i.e. skin friction function (τ
x
) as functions of dimensionless transverse coordinate (η), Grashof free convection number (G
r
) and the Hartmann number (M). The bulk temperature in the boundary layer (Θ) is also evaluated and shown to be purely a function of M. The Rayleigh flow distribution (R) is derived and found to be a function of both Hartmann number (M) and the buoyant diffusivity parameter (ϑ
*). The influence of Grashof number on velocity, induced magnetic field and wall shear stress profiles is computed. The response
of Rayleigh flow distribution to Grashof numbers ranging from 2 to 200 is also discussed as is the influence of Hartmann number
on the bulk temperature. Rayleigh flow is demonstrated to become stable with respect to the width of the boundary layer region
and intensifies with greater magnetic field i.e. larger Hartman number M, for constant buoyant diffusivity parameter ϑ
*. The induced magnetic field (B
x
), is elevated in the vicinity of the plate surface with a rise in free convection (buoyancy) parameter G
r
, but is reduced over the central zone of the boundary layer regime. Applications of the study include laminar magneto-aerodynamics,
materials processing and MHD propulsion thermo-fluid dynamics. 相似文献
106.
The effects of exit-wedge angle on evolution, formation, pinch-off, propagation and diffusive mass entrainment of vortex rings
in air were studied using digital particle image velocimetry. Vortex rings were generated by passing a solenoid-valve-controlled
air jet through a cylindrical nozzle. Experiments were performed over a wide range of exit-wedge angles (10° ≤ α ≤ 90°) of the cylindrical nozzle, initial Reynolds numbers (450 ≤ Re ≤ 4,580) and length-to-diameter ratios (0.9 ≤ L/D ≤ 11) of the air jet. For sharp edges (α ≤ 10°), a secondary ring may emerge at high Reynolds numbers, which tended to distort the vortex ring if ingested into it.
For blunt edges (α ≥ 45°), by contrast, stable vortex rings were produced. The formation phase of a vortex ring was found to be closely related
to its evolution pattern. An exit-wedge angle of 45° was found to be optimal for rapid pinch-off and faster propagation and
better stability of a vortex ring. Diffusive mass entrainment was found to be between 35% and 40% in the early stages of a
vortex ring propagation and it gradually increased throughout the course of vortex ring propagation. Entrainment fraction
was found to be sensitive to the L/D ratio of the initial jet and decreases when the L/D ratio is increased. 相似文献
107.
Arif Uzma Nawaz M. Alharbi Sayer Obaid Saleem S. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,144(3):729-737
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This article explores the role of hybrid nano-particles in enhancing the thermal performance of Sutterby fluid over a two-dimensional body of variable... 相似文献
108.
109.
The interaction of the antidepressant drug nortriptyline hydrochloride (NOT) with the surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL), 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C10mim][Cl], has been studied using multiple techniques, including conductometric titration, tensiometric, fluorometric, dynamic light scattering and UV–visible spectrophotometric measurements. There is a significant decrease in the cmc of SAIL on the addition of the drug NOT, indicating adsorption of drug molecules in the outer portion of the micelle. In the present study, the values of the packing parameter, P, lie in the range of 0–0.3, which suggests that the micelles formed are spherical in nature. More negative values of the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption, \( \Delta G_{\text{ad}}^{ \circ } \), compared to \( \Delta G_{\text{m}}^{ \circ } \) support our contention that adsorption of SAIL on the air-solution interface is relatively more favorable than its micellization in the presence of NOT. Fluorescence and DLS studies indicate that the aggregation number, Nagg, and hydrodynamic radius of SAIL increase with increase in concentration of NOT. The UV–visible spectroscopic study confirms the formation of a new complex between SAIL and NOT; this is also supported by the negative Gibbs energy of complexation. 相似文献
110.
Anwar Usman Ibrahim Abdul Razak Hoong‐Kun Fun Suchada Chantrapromma Bao‐Guo Zhao Jian‐Hua Xu 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(2):o57-o58
In the title compound, C26H22O4, the pyranone ring adopts a twisted boat conformation, while the cyclohexane ring is close to an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the coumarin and naphthalene systems is 78.8 (1)°. The attached phenyl ring is in an equatorial position with respect to the cyclohexane ring. 相似文献