Radial Limits of Bloch Functions in the unit Disc

Although a function in the Bloch space may have no radial limits,it is shown that there exist bounded linear functionals whichgive ‘average radial limits’ over an interval onthe boundary. An ‘abelian–tauberian’ theoremis proved, characterizing the existence of a radial limit ata given boundary point in terms of these functionals.     

Characterization of buried interfaces by multiple internal reflection spectroscopy (MIRS)

Multiple internal reflection spectroscopy (MIRS) was applied to analyse atomic bonds at deep (500 m) interfaces of directly bonded Si/Si wafer pairs. It is shown that under the conditions used the polarized spectra contain information only about the interface layer a few nanometers thick. Examples are given of analysing the Si-H- and SiO-H vibration modes and bands of undissociated water in interfaces of bonded hydrophobic and hydrophilic wafer pairs, respectively, after annealing at temperatures between 200 and 1100 °C. Variations of the bonding behaviour (especially caused by alterations of the Si-H bonds) are discussed.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer.nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

INHIBITION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO ALLOANTIGEN IN THE RAT BY EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

Exposure of mice to ultraviolet radiation (UV) followed by alloantigen sensitization can suppress the immune response to that alloantigen. In order to assess the applicability of using UV-induced immunosuppression in organ transplantation, the effectiveness of UV in prolonging the survival of vascularized organ allografts must be determined. Because, for technical reasons, rats are better suited than mice for such experiments, we first wanted to determine whether UV suppresses the immune response of inbred rats to alloantigens. The data presented here demonstrate that exposure of rats to UV (115-129 kJ/m2) prior to alloantigenic sensitization decreases the mixed lymphocyte response to alloantigen. The depression of the proliferative response to alloantigen was selective in that spleen cells from the UV-treated rats could respond to mitogenic stimulation. In contrast to previous results with mice, suppressor cells could not be demonstrated in the spleens of the UV-treated rats. In addition, UV treatment after sensitization inhibited the response to alloantigen. These data suggest that treatment of the recipient with UV before or after alloantigenic sensitization may provide a novel method of inhibiting immune responses to allogeneic antigens.     

Mechanism of UVB-Induced Suppression of the Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: Role of Cytokines on Macrophage Function

Previously we demonstrated that treatment of mice with either UVB radiation or supernatants derived from UVB-irradiated PAM 212 keratinocytes decreased the induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), impaired the clearance of bacteria from their lymphoid organs and also altered macrophage functions. In order to characterize the cytokines involved in these phenomena, UV-irradiated mice were injected with antibodies to interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Injection of UVB-irradiated mice with anti-IL-10 immediately after UV irradiation restored the DTH response and reversed the UV-induced inhibition of bacterial clearance. Injection of UV-irradiated mice with anti-TGF-β only partially restored the DTH response although it allowed a better clearance of BCG than injection of mice with the control antibody. In contrast, injection of anti-TNF-α did not affect the UVB-induced suppression of DTH or impaired bacterial clearance. Similarly, the ability of macrophages to phagocytose BCG and kill the intracellular organisms was restored to almost normal levels after injecting UV-irradiated mice with antibodies specific for IL-10 or TGF-β. Injection of mice with either recombinant IL-10 or TGF-β mimicked the effect of whole-body UV irradiation on immune function. These results suggest that IL-10 has a major role in UV-induced suppression of both DTH to BCG and impairment in the clearance of bacteria and that TGF-β has a more significant role in blocking bacterial clearance. Furthermore, these cytokines seem to modulate immune responses by altering macrophage functions in UVB-irradiated mice.     

Search for emission of nucleons and nucleon pairs following muon capture in selected light nuclei

Preliminary results of measurements of proton energy spectra and search for coincidentp, n pair emission following negative muon capture in¹²C,¹⁶O,²⁷Al are given. A very clear signal for proton emission is found, which can be exploited in future detailed studies.Presented at the symposium Mesons and Light Nuclei, Bechyn, Czechoslovakia, May 27–June 1, 1985.This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant 83-10044-A 2, the German Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, the International Buero Julich, and the Swiss National Science Foundation.     

Twin column chromatography for industrial-scale decontamination processes

A frontal chromatographic unit was devised consisting of a column-detector-column array. The unit is either equipped with identical columns (identical twins) or with columns of varying length (fraternal twins). Due to the finite nature of the columns, a prerun is formed at the column walls following the same regularities as the main stream. These regularities are used for the identification of the process termination below the detection limits of the monitor. For the implementation, a clear preference is given to the employment of fraternal twins, as the feed assay can be integrated into the separation process.     

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