全文获取类型
收费全文 | 625篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 401篇 |
晶体学 | 17篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
数学 | 52篇 |
物理学 | 178篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 33篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1942年 | 3篇 |
1939年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 2篇 |
1908年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有652条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
Two‐Dimensional Core‐Shelled Porous Hybrids as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction 下载免费PDF全文
Kai Yuan Dr. Xiaodong Zhuang Haiyan Fu Dr. Gunther Brunklaus Dr. Michael Forster Prof. Dr. Yiwang Chen Prof. Dr. Xinliang Feng Prof. Dr. Ullrich Scherf 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(24):6858-6863
Two‐dimensional (2D) transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn much attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Using TMDs as templates for the generation of 2D sandwich‐like materials with remarkable properties still remains a great challenge due to their poor solvent processability. Herein, MoS2‐coupled sandwich‐like conjugated microporous polymers (M‐CMPs) with high specific surface area were successfully developed by using functionalized MoS2 nanosheets as template. As‐prepared M‐CMPs were further used as precursors for preparation of MoS2‐embedded nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheets, which were revealed as novel electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction with mainly four‐electron transfer mechanism and ultralow half‐wave potential in comparison with commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our strategy to core–shelled sandwich‐like hybrids paves a way for a new class of 2D hybrids for energy conversion and storage. 相似文献
22.
A convenient three‐step route toward a functionalized pyrrole building block for novel anti‐inflammatory agents is reported. In contrast to previous strategies, the present approach focuses on inexpensive starting materials and application on a multigram scale. A high degree of functional diversity is demonstrated in various derivatives, and the scope and limitations of this route are discussed. Complementary to the described tetrasubstituted pyrroles, a novel ring‐closure protocol based on the Feist–Benary condensation affords trisubstituted analogues. 相似文献
23.
Jan Zelenka Dr. Aleksandr Pereverzev Dr. Ullrich Jahn Prof. Dr. Jana Roithová 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(28):e202104493
Photocatalytic generation of nitrenes and radicals can be used to tune or even control their reactivity. Photocatalytic activation of sulfonyl azides leads to the elimination of N2 and the resulting reactive species initiate C−H activations and amide formation reactions. Here, we present reactive radicals that are generated from sulfonyl azides: sulfonyl nitrene radical anion, sulfonyl nitrene and sulfonyl amidyl radical, and test their gas phase reactivity in C−H activation reactions. The sulfonyl nitrene radical anion is the least reactive and its reactivity is governed by the proton coupled electron transfer mechanism. In contrast, sulfonyl nitrene and sulfonyl amidyl radicals react via hydrogen atom transfer pathways. These reactivities and detailed characterization of the radicals with vibrational spectroscopy and with DFT calculations provide information necessary for taking control over the reactivity of these intermediates. 相似文献
24.
In a spin‐polarized electron gas, Coulomb interaction couples the spin and motion degrees of freedom to build propagating spin waves. The spin wave stiffness Ssw quantifies the energy cost to trigger such excitation by perturbing the kinetic energy of the electron gas (i.e. putting it in motion). Here we introduce the concept of spin–orbit stiffness, Sso, as the energy necessary to excite a spin wave with a spin polarization induced by spin–orbit coupling. This quantity governs the Coulombic enhancement of the spin–orbit field acting of the spin wave. First‐principles calculations and electronic Raman scattering experiments carried out on a model spin‐polarized electron gas, embedded in a CdMnTe quantum well, demonstrate that Sso = Ssw. Through optical gating of the structure, we demonstrate the reproducible tuning of Sso by a factor of 3, highlighting the great potential of spin–orbit control of spin waves in view of spintronics applications. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
25.
Epp SW López-Urrutia JR Brenner G Mäckel V Mokler PH Treusch R Kuhlmann M Yurkov MV Feldhaus J Schneider JR Wellhöfer M Martins M Wurth W Ullrich J 《Physical review letters》2007,98(18):183001
In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrate high-resolution resonant laser excitation in the soft x-ray region at 48.6 eV of the 2 (2)S(1/2) to 2 (2)P(1/2) transition of Li-like Fe23+ ions trapped in an electron beam ion trap by using ultrabrilliant light from Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH). High precision spectroscopic studies of highly charged ions at this and upcoming x-ray lasers with an expected accuracy gain up to a factor of a thousand, become possible with our technique, thus potentially yielding fundamental insights, e.g., into basic aspects of QED. 相似文献
26.
Uwe Schmidt Luis Werner Merle Arrowsmith Andrea Deissenberger Alexander Hermann Alexander Hofmann Stefan Ullrich James D. Mattock Alfredo Vargas Holger Braunschweig 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(1):325-329
The reaction of aryl‐ and amino(dihydro)boranes with dibora[2]ferrocenophane 1 leads to the formation 1,3‐trans‐dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation and insertion of a borylene unit into the B=B bond. The aryltriborane derivatives undergo reversible photoisomerization to the cis‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐hydrotriboranes, while hydride abstraction affords cationic triboranes, which represent the first doubly base‐stabilized B3H4+ analogues. 相似文献
27.
V. Geist C. H. Ehrlich R. Flagmeyer H. J. Ullrich W. Greiner S. Rolle 《Crystal Research and Technology》1982,17(2):245-251
GaN heteroepitaxial layers grown on spinel substrates have been investigated by the Kossel effect technique. The excitation of GaKα X-rays inside the crystal lattice was carried out either by means of 1.25 MeV protons or 40 KeV electrons. Both methods give similar results concerning the values of the lattice parameters and the sign of polarity. Following the proton irradiation a lattice expansion normal to the surface occurs. A comparison of our results with those of other authors shows that the growth direction is the same for {111} spinel and {0001} sapphire substrates. 相似文献
28.
29.
Draganić I Crespo López-Urrutia JR DuBois R Fritzsche S Shabaev VM Orts RS Tupitsyn II Zou Y Ullrich J 《Physical review letters》2003,91(18):183001
We present the results of an experimental study of magnetic dipole (M1) transitions in highly charged argon ions (Ar X, Ar XI, Ar XIV, Ar XV) in the visible spectral range using an electron beam ion trap. Their wavelengths were determined with, for highly charged ions, unprecedented accuracy up to the sub-ppm level and compared with theoretical calculations. The QED contributions, calculated in this Letter, are found to be 4 orders of magnitude larger than the experimental error and are absolutely indispensable to bring theory and experiment to a good agreement. This method shows great potential for the study of QED effects in relativistic few-electron systems. 相似文献
30.
We investigate optimal linear approximations (approximation numbers) in the context of periodic Sobolev spaces Hs(Td) of fractional smoothness s>0 for various equivalent norms including the classical one. The error is always measured in L2(Td). Particular emphasis is given to the dependence of all constants on the dimension d. We capture the exact decay rate in n and the exact decay order of the constants with respect to d, which is in fact polynomial. As a consequence we observe that none of our considered approximation problems suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Surprisingly, the square integrability of all weak derivatives up to order three (classical Sobolev norm) guarantees weak tractability of the associated multivariate approximation problem. 相似文献