Cooperative advertising models in supply chain management: A review

This paper reviews articles on cooperative advertising, a topic which has gained substantial interest in the recent years. Thereby, we first briefly distinguish five different definitions of cooperative advertising which can be found in operations research literature. After that, we concentrate on vertical cooperative advertising, which is the most common object of investigation and is understood as a financial agreement where a manufacturer offers to pay a certain share of his retailer’s advertising expenditures. In total, we identified 58 scientific papers considering mathematical modeling of vertical cooperative advertising. These articles are then analyzed with regard to their general model setting (e.g., the underlying supply chain structure and design of the cooperative advertising program). After that, we explain the different demand and cost functions that are employed, whereupon we distinguish between static and dynamic models. The last dimension of our review is dedicated to the game-theoretic concepts which are mostly used to reflect different forms of distribution of power within the channel.     

A thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for fluid mud

In this contribution, an approach towards a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for fluid mud is presented. Fluid mud exhibits highly non-Newtonian, thixotropic behaviour. It can be classified as a structured fluid. Typically, its viscosity is modeled using Bingham-type rheological models of different complexity [1, 2]. Here, the three-dimensional non-Newtonian constitutive behaviour will be modeled based on a visco-elasto-plastic model. At the current stage, a Drucker-Prager-like yield function has been formulated. Viscosity is assumed to be a function of shear viscosity. First results show the general ability to represent experimental data. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

PHOTOOXIDATION PRODUCTS OF MEROCYANINE 540 FORMED UNDER PREACTIVATION CONDITIONS FOR TUMOR THERAPY

In order to gain insight into the preactivation of merocyanine 540 (MC540) 1 for the photodynamic therapy (Gulliya et al., 1990a, Photochem. Photobiol. 52, 831-838) its photo-oxidation was investigated. After irradiation of MC540 1 on a preparative scale three main photodegradation products were isolated with 16-20% yields. They turned out to be derivatives of benzoxazole, thiouracil and thiohydantoin with the structures 4, 5 and 6, respectively. It may be possible that they contribute to the cytostatic and antiviral activity of preactivated MC540 1.     

Clean-up of some organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides by automated solid-phase extraction cartridges coupled to capillary GC-ECD

The ASPEC (Automatic Sample Preparation with Extraction Columns) system has been coupled on-line to capillary GC-ECD by means of a loop-type interface equipped with a solvent vapour exit. Both ASPEC and GC conditions have been optimized leading to an effective clean-up of the extracts analyzed. By means of solid-phase extraction cartridges filled with silica, it has been possible to analyze concentrated surface water extracts for a group of 18 electron-capturing compounds present in the water at ppt levels. ASPEC-GC has also been applied to the determination of synthetic pyrethroids at ppt levels in surface water. The complete analytical procedure is greatly facilitated by automation and miniaturization. Miniaturization results in a considerable decrease in the sample volume required. The potential of the method for the analysis of other pesticides is estimated.     

The derivatization of fatty acids by (chloro)alkyl chloroformates in non-aqueous and aqueous media for GC analysis

Fatty acids can be conveniently derivatized in less than one minute with (chloro)alkyl chloroformates such as methyl chloroformate, 2-chloroethyl chloroformate and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate is the most reactive reagent, and yields a reaction product which can be sensitively detected by GC ECD (detection limit 50 ng/ml, i.e. 25 pg/injection, for C⁸, C¹⁰, and C¹² acids). In non-aqueous media 3-picoline, N-methylpiperidine, and dimethylaminopyridine show catalytic activity comparable with that of pyridine and can, therefore, replace it. N-methylpiperidine is the best basic catalyst in aqueous media (i.e. media containing up to 40 % water).