Inclusive ϱ0 production in νp charged-current interactions

Using data from the Fermilab 15 ft hydrogen bubble chamber, we have studied inclusive ?⁰ production in antineutrino-proton charged-current interactions. We measure (0.21 ± 0.03) ?⁰/event, corresponding to ?⁰/π^?=0.12 ± 0.02. As a function of Q² and for hadronic masses above a threshold region, the ?⁰/π^? ratio shows little variation. At least 50% of the ?⁰'s are consistent with coming from the current fragmentation region. The results agree reasonably well with the predictions of the quark fragmentation model of Feynman and field.     

Inefficiency in Latin-American market indices

We explore the deviations from efficiency in the returns and volatility returns of Latin-American market indices. Two different approaches are considered. The dynamics of the Hurst exponent is obtained via a wavelet rolling sample approach, quantifying the degree of long memory exhibited by the stock market indices under analysis. On the other hand, the Tsallis q entropic index is measured in order to take into account the deviations from the Gaussian hypothesis. Different dynamic rankings of inefficieny are obtained, each of them contemplates a different source of inefficiency. Comparing with the results obtained for a developed country (US), we confirm a similar degree of long-range dependence for our emerging markets. Moreover, we show that the inefficiency in the Latin-American countries comes principally from the non-Gaussian form of the probability distributions.     

Action of a complex lipase preparation fromOospora lactis on triglycerides

Summary It has been established that a complex lipase preparation fromOospora lactis possesses a high activity, causes no position and geometric isomerization of the fatty acids isolated with its aid, possesses no specificity of action, and splits off the fatty acids from all three positions of the triglyceride molecule.The high activity of the complex lipase preparation permit its recommendation for the hydrolysis of fat in order to isolate the total fatty acids in the native state, which is important in the study of their chemical structure and also in the splitting of fats in industry.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Microbiology Division of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 20–22, January–February, 1977.     

Single-crystal ESR studies of a nitroxide radical

Summary ESR spectra are reported for a stable nitroxide radical 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TANOL) introduced as impurity in a matrix of known structure, 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine atX- andQ-band. The use of the perdeuterated nitroxide showed a considerable improvement in ESR spectra resolution for most orientations in the crystal. The interactions of protons in the neighbourhood of the paramagnetic group N−O were studied and the superhyperfine tensors for the two strongly coupled protons were determined: one of these protons is hydrogen-bonded to the N−O at a distance of 2.09 ?. The principal values of the tensor are −5.2; +5.4; −5.1 G. The second proton is further away from the electron and is certainly not involved in hydrogen bond. The principal values are in this case 2.0, −1.7, −2.7 G. Thea crystal axis is a principal direction for all magnetic tensors for TANOL in this system.

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Riassunto Si riportano gli spettri ESR per un radicale nitrossido stabile 4-idrossi-2, 2, 6, 6-tetrametil-piperidina-1-ossile (TANOL) introdotto come impurità in una matrice di struttura nota, 4-idrossi-2, 2, 6, 6-tetrametilpiperinadi (1) nelle bandeX eQ. L'uso del nitrossido predeuterato ha mostrato un considerabile miglioramento nella risoluzione degli spettri ESR per moltissime orientazioni nel cristallo. Si studiano le interazioni dei protoni nei pressi del gruppo paramagnetico N−O e si determinano i tensori superiperfini per due protoni con accoppiamento forte: uno di questi protoni è legato con l'idrogeno al N−O ad una distanza di 2.09 ?. I valori principali del tensore sono −5.2; +5.4; e −5.1 G. Il secondo protone è molto spostato dall'elettrone ed è certamente non coinvolto in un legame a idrogeno. I valori principali sono in questo caso 2.0, −1.7, −2.7 G. L'assea del cristallo à una direzione principale per tutti i tensori magnetici per il TANOL in questo sistema.

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Резюме Приводятся ESR спектры для устойчивого радикала окиси сзота TANOL, введенного, как примесь, в матрицу известной структуры вX- иQ-зону. Использование передейтерированной окиси азота обнаруживает значительное улучшение разрешения в ESR спектрах для большинства ориентаций в кристалле. Исследуется взаимодействие протонов в окрестности параметрической группы N−O. Определяются сверхтонкие тензоры для двух сильно связанных протонов: один из этих протонов представляет водород, связанный с N−O на расстоянии 2.09 ?. Главные значения этого тензора представляют −5.2, +5.4, −5.1 гаусс. Второй протон находится довольно далеко от электрона и не включается в водородную связь. В этом случае главные значения тензора равны 2.0, −1.7, −2.7 гаусс. Кристаллическая осьa представляет главное направление для всех магнитных тензоров для TANOL в этой системе.

     

Studies of pyrazoles. XLIII. Some aminopyrazoles

A series of alkyl and acyl derivatives of 3-, 4-, and 5-aminopyrazoles are synthesized with a view to determining their biological activities. The chromatographic properties of most of the compounds prepared are determined.For Part XLII see [4].     

Chlorpromazine and sodium dodecyl sulfate mixed micelles investigated by small angle X-ray scattering

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies are reported on the interaction of chlorpromazine (CPZ) with micelles of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Isotropic solutions of SDS (40 and 100 mM) at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 in the absence and presence of CPZ (2-25 mM) were investigated at the National Laboratory of Synchrotron Light (LNLS, Campinas, Brazil). The data were analyzed through the modeling of the micellar form factor and interference function. The results evidence a micellar shape transformation from prolate ellipsoid to cylinder accompanied by micellar growth and surface charge screening as the molar ratio CPZ : SDS increases in the complex. Small ellipsoids with axial ratio nu=1.5+/-0.1 at 40 mM SDS grow and reassemble into cylinder-like aggregates upon 5 mM drug incorporation (1 CPZ : 8 SDS monomers) with a decrease of the micelle surface charge. At 10 mM CPZ : 40 mM SDS cylindrical micelles are totally screened with an axial ratio nu approximately 2.5. The data also indicate the presence of small prolate ellipsoids (nu=1.7+/-0.1) in solutions of 100 mM SDS (no drug) and micellar growth (nu approximately 2.0 and 4.0) when 10 and 25 mM CPZ are added to the system. In the latter case, the aggregate is also better represented by a cylinder-like form. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the axial ratio and shape evolution of the surfactant : phenothiazine complex are both SDS concentration and drug : SDS molar ratio dependent. The drug location close to the SDS polar headgroup region without disrupting in a significant way both the paraffinic hydrophobic core and the polar shell thickness is inferred. SAXS data made it possible to obtain the shapes and dimensions of CPZ/SDS aggregates.     

Characterization and pillaring of a Turkish bentonite (Resadiye)

The shifts of the SiOSi stretching and the SiOAl and SiOSi bending modes, as well as the free silica peak in the IR spectra and the strengthening of the XRD reflections due to the quartz and alpha-cristobalite components of the Al-pillared bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye), are ascribed to the formation of new SiOAl groups of covalent character. The mass losses in the temperature range 150-700 degrees C correspond to the dehydration and dehydroxylation processes. The total mass losses of the Al-pillared bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye) are close to each other at an OH/Al ratio of 2.2, but calcination from 400 to 600 degrees C causes the surface area of the latter composite to decrease by 13%.     

Novel copoly(amide-thioamide), synthesis,characterization and behavior in metal ions adsorption

Copoly(amide-thioamide)s synthesized by polycondensation of bis(thioamide-amine)s and terephthaloyl dichloride in N-methyl pyrrolidone with moderate yields, possess inherent viscosity around 0.70 dL/g, and could be easily dissolved in amide-type polar aprotic solvent. The corresponding polythioamide was amorphous and showed a good thermal stability with glass transition temperature of 177°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The synthesized polymers were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and X-ray diffraction and were used as sorbents for the treatment of waste water containing heavy metals. Various factors affecting the uptake behavior such as concentration and pH were investigated.     

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of bovine (BSA) and human (HSA) serum albumins with ionic surfactants

Bovine (BSA) and human (HSA) serum albumins are frequently used in biophysical and biochemical studies since they have a similar folding, a well known primary structure, and they have been associated with the binding of many different categories of small molecules. One important difference of BSA and HSA is the fact that bovine albumin has two tryptophan residues while human albumin has a unique tryptophan. In this work results are presented for the interaction of BSA and HSA with several ionic surfactants, namely, anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic cethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and zwitterionic N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonium-1-propanesulfonate (HPS), as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy of intrinsic tryptophans and circular dichroism spectroscopy. On the interaction of all three surfactants with BSA, at low concentrations, a quenching of fluorescence takes place and Stern-Volmer analysis allowed to estimate their 'effective' association constants to the protein: for SDS, CTAC and HPS at pH 7.0 these constants are, respectively, (1.4+/-0.1) x 10(5) M(-1), (8.9+/-0.1) x 10(3) M(-1) and (1.4+/-0.1) x 10(4) M(-1). A blue shift of maximum emission is observed from 345 to 330 nm upon surfactant binding. Analysis of fluorescence emission spectra allowed to separate three species in solution which were associated to native protein, a surfactant protein complex and partially denatured protein. The binding at low surfactant concentrations follows a Hill plot model displaying positive cooperativity and a number of surfactant binding sites very close to the number of cationic or anionic residues present in the protein. Circular dichroism data corroborated the partial loss of secondary structure upon surfactant addition showing the high stability of serum albumin. The interaction of the surfactants with HSA showed an enhancement of fluorescence at low concentrations, opposite to the effect on BSA, consistent with the existence of a unique buried tryptophan residue in this protein with considerable static quenching in the native state. The effects of surfactants at low concentrations were very similar to those of myristic acid suggesting a non specific binding through hydrophobic interaction modulated by eletrostatic interactions. The changes in the vicinity of the tryptophan residues are discussed based on the recently published crystallographic structure of HSA myristate complex (S. Curry et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 5 (1998) 827).