A comparison of the performance of LiNbO3, and LiTaO3, traveling-wave phase modulators

A comparison of the phase modulators made by Ti:LiNbO₃ and Ti:LiTaO₃ optical waveguides is presented. Of particular interest is their halfwave voltages at the wavelength 0.6328 μm and the frequency responses for the same electrode structure. For the Ti:LiNbO₃ phase modulator, a halfwave voltage of 6.6 V and a band-width of 13 GHz are obtained. Whereas, the Ti:LiTaO₃, a 6.8 V halfwave voltage and 12 GHz bandwidth are obtained.     

Syntheses of Bissydnone Derivatives and Studies of Their Biological Activities

A new method to prepare 3,3′-ethylenebissydnone (40%), 3,3′-tetramethylenebissydnone (37%) and 3,3′-hexamethylenebissydnone (43%) from the corresponding alkylene diamine with paraformaldehyde and potassium cyanide were investigated. Some new bissydone: ?3,3′-trimethylenebissydnone (6%), 3,3′-(4,4′-diphenyl)bissydnonylmethane (9%) and 3,3′-(4,4′-diphenyi)bissydnonyl ether (28%) were synthesized from the corresponding diamine, paraformaldehyde, sodium bisulfite and potassium cyanide. Biological test of 3,3′-(4,4′-diphenyl)bissydnonylmethane shows significant response for coronary dilgtion test, inhibition of collagen induced platelet aggregation and moderate carditropic response. 3,3′-(4,4′-Diphenyl)bissydnonyl ether also shows inhibition of collagen induced platelet aggregation and moderate carditropic response.     

Laser-induced gas-surface interactions

Chemical reactions in homogeneous systems activated by laser radiation have been extensively investigated for more than a decade. The applications of lasers to promote gas-surface interactions have just been realized in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to examine the fundamental processes involved in laser-induced gas-surface chemical interactions. Specifically, the photon-enhanced adsorption, adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-solid reactions, product formation and desorption processes are discussed in detail. The dynamic processes involved in photoexcitation of the electronic and vibrational states, the energy transfer and relaxation in competition with chemical interactions are considered. These include both single and multiple photon adsorption, and fundamental and overtone transitions in the excitation process, and inter- and intra-molecular energy transfer, and coupling with phonons, electron-hole pairs and surface plasmons in the energy relaxation process. Many current experimental and theoretical studies on the subject are reviewed and discussed with the goal of clarifying the relative importance of the surface interaction steps and relating the resulting concepts to the experimentally observed phenomena. Among the many gas-solid systems that have been investigated, there has been more extensive use of CO adsorbed on metals, and SF₆ and XeF₂ interactions with silicon as examples to illustrate the many facets of the electronically and vibrationally activated surface processes. Results on IR laser stimulated desorption of C₅H₅N and C₅D₅N molecules from various solid surfaces are also presented. It is clearly shown that rapid intermolecular energy exchange and molecule to surface energy transfer can have important effects on photodesorption cross sections and isotope selectivities. It is concluded that utilization of lasers in gas-surface studies not only can provide fundamental insight into the mechanism and dynamics involved in heterogeneous interactions, but also offer the possibility for technical innovation for practical applications.     

丝阵Z箍缩早期消融等离子体动力学的二维数值模拟研究

采用理想磁流体力学模型,给出合理的二维(r, θ)质量注入边界条件,对丝阵Z箍缩早期消融等离子体的动力学过程进行了二维(r, θ)数值模拟研究,得到消融等离子体各参量以及磁场的二维时空分布.模拟结果表明,消融等离子体的运动包括四个主要阶段:首先向轴漂移,然后在轴线处滞止并形成先驱等离子体柱,随后先驱等离子体柱被压缩,最后缓慢膨胀.计算了不同丝阵半径和丝间距情况下消融等离子体到轴速度以及消融质量占丝阵总质量的份额,它们的变化规律与实验结果基本符合.通过 关键词： 丝阵Z箍缩 理想磁流体 消融等离子体     

基于微波迈克耳孙干涉仪的傅里叶变换光谱分析实验

基于近代物理实验中微波的迈克耳孙干涉实验方法,在分析傅里叶变换光谱分析原理的基础上,利用微波分光仪首先分离了2个已知微波源的谱分布,并定量分析了最大分辨率与最大光程差、最大测量范围与采样间距之间的关系.     

Efficient quantum circuits for Schur and Clebsch-Gordan transforms

The Schur basis on n d-dimensional quantum systems is a generalization of the total angular momentum basis that is useful for exploiting symmetry under permutations or collective unitary rotations. We present efficient {size poly[n,d,log(1/epsilon)] for accuracy epsilon} quantum circuits for the Schur transform, which is the change of basis between the computational and the Schur bases. Our circuits provide explicit efficient methods for solving such diverse problems as estimating the spectrum of a density operator, quantum hypothesis testing, and communicating without a shared reference frame. We thus render tractable a large series of methods for extracting resources from quantum systems and for numerous quantum information protocols.     

Kondo effect in the presence of magnetic impurities

We measure transport through gold grain quantum dots fabricated using electromigration, with magnetic impurities in the leads. A Kondo interaction is observed between dot and leads, but the presence of magnetic impurities results in a gate-dependent zero-bias conductance peak that is split due to a RKKY interaction between the spin of the dot and the static spins of the impurities. A magnetic field restores the single Kondo peak in the case of an antiferromagnetic RKKY interaction. This system provides a new platform to study Kondo and RKKY interactions in metals at the level of a single spin.     

Approaches to open fullerenes: a 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaadduct of C60

Complete saturation of a single six-membered ring on fullerene C60 has been achieved. The critical step in this first synthesis of a fully characterized 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaadduct consisted of a remarkable double 5-exo-trig addition of alkoxyl radicals promoted by lead tetraacetate. Two possible opening pathways ([2 + 2 + 2] retrocycloadditions) for the newly synthesized compound were explored using quantum mechanical calculations. We found that the oxa bridges in the hexaadduct prevent ring opening through the retro[2 + 2 + 2] mechanism due to the high activation barrier and endothermicity of the reaction.     

Application of LC/MS and ICP/MS for establishing the fingerprint spectrum of the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Gan-Lu-Yin

We developed a method to analyze the fingerprint spectrum qualitatively and quantitatively for the traditional Chinese herbal medicinal preparation Gan-Lu-Yin with HPLC combined with photodiode array detection, and MS, and to identify the preparation's 14 main components including baicalin, baicalein, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, wogonin-7-O-glucuronide, wogonin, and oroxylin A in Radix Scutellariae; naringin and neohesperidin in Aurantii fructus; liquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid in Radix Glycyrrhizae. In LC/UV assay, a Cosmosil 5C18-MS-II column was used as the stationary phase, and a gradient of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ACN, and water as the elute solution. The UV detection wavelengths were 250 and 280 nm. In LC/MS assay, a gradient of phosphoric acid, ACN, and water was used as the elute solution, and electrospray positive ion mode ((+)-ESI) as the analytic mode. In order to explore the distribution of trace metal elements effectively in Gan-Lu-Yin, a microwave digestion method was used for sample treatment, and an inductively coupled plasma MS assay was used to analyze fingerprint spectra of the inorganic metals in Gan-Lu-Yin. Combined with fingerprint spectra of organic compounds by LC/UV and LC/MS, it was expected to provide effective quality control in the production of Gan-Lu-Yin.     

Photophysical properties of a 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexasubstituted fullerene derivative

The photophysical properties of a novel 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexasubstituted fullerene derivative (1) are examined in this study. In addition to the ground state absorption spectrum of 1, we report its triplet-triplet absorption spectrum and molar extinction coefficient (Deltae(T-T)), as well as the triplet quantum yield (PhiT), lifetime (tauT), and energy (ET). The saturation of a single six-member ring on the fullerene cage results in significant changes in the triplet state properties as compared to that of pristine C60. The triplet-triplet absorption spectrum shows a hypsochromic shift in long wavelength absorption, and both the triplet state lifetime and the triplet quantum yield are decreased. The triplet energy was found to be similar to that of C60. In addition, the quantum yield (PHI(delta)) of singlet oxygen generated by 1 was calculated and is found to be significantly less than in the case of C60.