Structure of phenomenological lagrangians for broken supersymmetry

We consider the explicit connection between linear representations of supersymmetry and the non-linear realizations associated with the generic effective lagrangians of the Volkov-Akulov type. We specify and illustrate a systematic approach for deriving the appropriate phenomenological lagrangian by transforming a pedagogical linear model, in which supersymmetry is broken at the tree level, into its corresponding non-linear lagrangian, in close analogy to the linear σ model of pion dynamics. We discuss the significance and some properties of such phenomenological lagrangians.     

2kF and 4kF charge-density waves in TTF0.4TSeF0.6-TCNQ — An X-ray study

In the quasi one-dimensional conductor TTF_0.4TSeF_0.6-TCNQ, it is found that the 2k_F CDW has three-dimensional correlations of relatively long range below the metal-insulator transition temperature ～40K, although the 4k_F CDWs are only one-dimensional in character at all temperatures. This result supports the speculation that the 2k_F CDWs and the 4k_F CDWs are present predominantly on the TCNQ and the fulvalene stacks, respectively. The 2k_F-value of the present material is similar to that of TTF-TCNQ but far from that of TSeF-TCNQ. The change of the value with the concentration of TSeF (or TTF) is nonlinear. The transverse period of the ordered 2k_F CDW along the a-axis is $\text{a}$ just below the transition temperature and becomes 4$\text{a}$ below 34.5K. A discussion is given based on the two-chain model.     

Stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde

Trans-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehydes are prepared by ruthenium-catalyzed isomerization of 4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepines and subsequent Lewis acid-catalyzed 1,3-alkyl migration.     

Lattice softening in K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3·3H2O

The temperature dependences of the elastic constants, c₁₁, c₃₃, c₄₄, and c₆₆, in KCP are described. In the temperature range 10–100 K softening is observed in c₄₄, while c₆₆ decreases almost linearly with decreasing temperature. These results indicate the presence of a new critical region.     

10-Gbit/s Serial Optical Interconnection for an ATM Switch

Serial optical interconnection is proposed for connections in a Torus asynchronous transfer mode switch. A cross-point switch was developed that operates at a bit rate of 20 Gbit/s. The switching operation was successfully performed using cascaded cross-point switches through an optical interconnection configuration consisting of commercial optoelectronics devices. The measured switching rate was 10 Gbit/s, and it was limited by the responses of the optoelectronics devices.     

Search for Alpha Inelastic Condensed State in 24Mg

The alpha inelastic scattering from ²⁴Mg was measured to obtain the isoscalar natural-parity excitation strengths and to search for the α-condensed states. The multipole decomposition analysis for the measured cross sections was performed. The strength distributions for the ${{\Delta}L=0{-}3}$ were successfully obtained and the possible candidates for the α-condensed states around the ¹⁶O core were found.     

Influences of Acid on Molecular Forms of Fluorescein and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Fluorescein‐Dispersing Sol–Gel Titania Films

Fluorescein‐dispersing titania gel films were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed sol–gel reaction using a titanium alkoxide solution containing fluorescein. The molecular forms of fluorescein in the films, depending on its acid–base equilibria, and the complex formation and photoinduced electron transfer process between the dye and titania surface were investigated by fluorescence and photoelectric measurements. The titanium species were coordinated to the carboxylate and phenolate‐like groups of the fluorescein species. The quantum efficiencies of the fluorescence quenching and photoelectric conversion were higher upon excitation of the dianion species interacting with the titania, i.e. the dye–titania complex. This result indicated that the dianion form was the most favorable for formation of the dye–titania complex exhibiting the highest electron transfer efficiency. Using nitric acid as the catalyst, the titania surface bonded to the fluorescein instead of the adsorbed nitrate ion during the steam treatment. The dye–titania complex formation played an important role in the electron injection from the dye to the titania conduction band.     

Base-catalyzed reactions enhanced by solid acids: Amine-catalyzed nitroaldol (Henry) reactions enhanced by silica gel or mesoporous silica SBA-15

The reactions of various aldehydes with CH₃NO₂ catalyzed by Et₃N, n-C₆H₁₃NH₂, and Me₂N(CH₂)₂NH₂ were accelerated by the addition of silica gel to give aromatic (aliphatic) β-nitroalcohols, aromatic nitroalkenes, and aromatic 1,3-dinitroalkanes, respectively. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 showed higher activity than silica gel for the synthesis of aromatic nitroalkenes by the reactions of the corresponding aldehydes with CH₃NO₂ catalyzed by n-C₆H₁₃NH₂.