液体调谐减振器的分析

本文利用Ｌａｍｂ变换，考虑液体的粘性，略去二维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程中的非线性预后，建立了频域内Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｒｅｓ方程的边界积分表达式，完整地处理了边界条件（包括自由面边界条件和固壁边界条件）并且给出了液体随结构振动时的附加质量与阻尼的计算表达式。     

Macroscopic single‐domain graphene sheet on Ni(111)

We observed in situ growth of a single graphene sheet on Ni(111) by low‐energy electron microscopy. The sheet was grown epitaxially beyond the steps on the substrate. The crystalline shapes of graphene islands were clearly seen; the straight edges of the island are crossed at either 60 or 120°, and the linear edges shifted perpendicular to the edge keeping the equilibrium shape. Graphene islands were united to form a single sheet without any grain boundaries and any wrinkles. The Ni substrate of several centimeters in size was covered with a single‐domain graphene sheet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Color Center Laser–Microwave Double Resonance Spectroscopy of the ν1Vibrational State of HCCF

Rotational transitions of fluoroacetylene in the ν₁(CH stretch) vibrational state have been observed by the laser–microwave double resonance technique using a color center laser as a radiation source in the 3 μm region. The rotational constant and centrifugal distortion constant in the ν₁state were determined to be 9684.310(16) MHz and 2.68(62) kHz, respectively, where the uncertainties given in parentheses correspond to 2.5 standard deviations.     

Supported lipid bilayer formation by the giant vesicle fusion induced by vesicle–surface electrostatic attractive interaction

The effect of the electrostatic attractive force between giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and the SiO₂ surface on the formation of a Ca²⁺-free supported lipid bilayer (SLB) was investigated by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. When negatively charged GUVs were incubated for 1 h without Ca²⁺, the surface coverage of lipid bilayer was <1% on the SiO₂ surface. In contrast, a high coverage was obtained without addition of Ca²⁺ on the positively charged surface modified by aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane, and the coverage of SLBs decreased with increasing KCl concentrations. The thickness of the water layer under SLB was reduced by modification of APS.     

Robust and precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber using an optical interferometric method with a digital phase-frequency discriminator

We have developed an optical fiber length stabilization system for the distribution of reference millimeter wave signals in a long-baseline phased-array radio telescope. The fiber length was compared with an absolute wavelength reference laser using a Michelson interferometer. We used a digital servo system including a digital phase-frequency discriminator with a wide phase dynamic range and a digital signal processor (DSP) for the digital servo system. All-digital servo system made it possible to realize a robust and precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber. PACS 42.62.Eh; 42.81.Uv; 95.55.Jz     

Study of ion desorption induced by a resonant core-level excitation of condensed H2O using Auger electron photo-ion coincidence (AEPICO) spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation

Ion desorption induced by a resonant excitation of O 1s of condensed amorphous H₂O has been studied by total ion and total electron yield spectroscopy, nonderivative Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and Auger electron photo-ion coincidence (AEPICO) spectroscopy. The spectrum of total ion yield divided by total electron yield exhibits a characteristic threshold peak at hν = 533.4 eV, which is assigned to the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonant transition. The AES at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance is interpreted as being composed of the spectator-AES of the surface H₂O, and the normal-AES of the bulk H₂O, where the 4a₁ electron is delocalized before Auger transitions. H⁺ is found to be the only ion species in AEPICO spectra measured at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance and at the O 1s ionization (hν = 560 eV). The electron kinetic energy dependence of the AEPICO yield (AEPICO yield spectrum) at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance is found to be greatly different from that at the O 1s ionization. The peak positions of the AEPICO yield spectrum at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance are found to correspond to those of the spectator-AES of the surface H₂O, which is extracted from the AES at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance. Furthermore, the AEPICO yield is greatly enhanced at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance as compared with that at the O 1s ionization. On the basis of these results, a spectator-Auger-stimulated ion desorption mechanism and/or ultra-fast ion desorption mechanism are concluded to be responsible for the H⁺ desorption at the 4a₁ ← O 1s resonance. The enhancement of the H⁺ yield is ascribed to the O---H anti-bonding character of the 4a₁ orbital.     

Bayesian analysis of lymphatic spreading patterns in cancer of the thoracic esophagus

For the treatment of patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus, lymphatic spreading is one important factor to infer how advanced their cancer is. We introduced a one-dimensional scale based on lymphatic spreading patterns, the stage of cancer, to express how advanced their cancer is, and we proposed a method to infer each patient's stage from his lymphatic spreading pattern by applying a Bayesian model. Our Bayesian model was built based on the assumption that lymphatic spreading in cancer could be explained as what was brought about by the advance of stage. In the modeling, we introduced the probability of what stage each patient was in as a prior distribution. We also introduced distribution functions of Weibull distributions to express the relation between the advance of stage and the increase of the probability of metastasis. Our model was applied to the data of nodal involvement obtained from 103 patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus and the parameters were estimated with the maximum likelihood method. AIC was used to check that the data had enough information to be divided into the stages of a clinically reasonable number. With the estimated parameters, we inferred the probability of metastasis to each lymph node in each stage and calculated by Bayes' theorem with 31 new patients the probability of what stage they were in. The results well represented some characteristics of the lymphatic spreading and suggested the appropriateness of our approach.The present study was carried out under the ISM Cooperative Research Program (91-ISM·CRP-18).     

The determination of sulfite in a flow injection system with chemiluminescence detection

The emission produced by sulfite on oxidation by permanganate in acidic solution in the presence of riboflavin phosphate or brilliant sulfaflavine is used to determine 0.9–35 ng of sulfite. Only sulfide and thiosulfate also give emissions.     

Nad(p)+-nad(p)h models. 50. Stereo-controlled reduction of methyl 2-oxo-3-methylpentanoate

Racemic and optically active title compound was reduced with chiral and achiral NAD(P)H models. The composition of diastereomers in the product was determined and the steric relationship is discussed.     

On the rearrangement in carbonyl oxide intermediates

Sensitized photooxidation of alkylphenyldiazomethanes under oxygen afforded, in addition to alkyl phenyl ketones, alkyl benzoates, which are probably formed by a rearrangement via dioxirane diradical.