Quantitative visualization of temperature field in non-luminous flame by flame reaction technique

Abstract  

An experimental technique for measuring a temperature field in an axisymmetric non-luminous flame is developed using the flame reaction technique combined with the inverse Abel transformation. Flame visualization is carried out using alkali metal solution of Potassium (K), which is supplied to a premixed methane/air flame in a form of spray mist. The basic principle of this technique is based on the measurement of local emission intensity distribution visualized by the flame reaction, which is a function of temperature according to the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics of thermodynamics. The relationship between the local intensity and the temperature is obtained from the calibration study, in which the local intensity is evaluated from the line of sight intensity by the inverse Abel transformation, and the temperature is measured by thermocouple. This technique is successfully applied to the measurement of local temperature distribution in steady and flickering premixed methane/air flame. The temperature field in the flickering flame indicates that the local temperature oscillates periodically with the flickering frequency, and the highest temperature is found along the flame front and in the merging region.     

Galois coverings of selfinjective algebras by repetitive algebras

In the representation theory of selfinjective artin algebras an important role is played by selfinjective algebras of the form where is the repetitive algebra of an artin algebra and is an admissible group of automorphisms of . If is of finite global dimension, then the stable module category of finitely generated -modules is equivalent to the derived category of bounded complexes of finitely generated -modules. For a selfinjective artin algebra , an ideal and , we establish a criterion for to admit a Galois covering with an infinite cyclic Galois group . As an application we prove that all selfinjective artin algebras whose Auslander-Reiten quiver has a non-periodic generalized standard translation subquiver closed under successors in are socle equivalent to the algebras , where is a representation-infinite tilted algebra and is an infinite cyclic group of automorphisms of .

     

Excitation and decay of the isovector giant monopole resonances via the 208Pb(3He,t p) reaction at 410 MeV

The excitation and subsequent proton decay of the isovector spin-flip giant monopole resonance (IVSGMR) is studied via the 208Pb(3He,t) reaction at 410 MeV. In the inclusive spectrum (60+/-5)% of the non-energy-weighted sum-rule strength for this 2 variant Planck's over 2h omega resonance was found in the region 29相似文献   

Scaling algorithms for the calculation of solar radiative fluxes

We derived new scaling formulae based on the method of successive orders of scattering to calculate solar radiative flux. In this report, we demonstrate a multiple scaling method, in which we introduce scaling factors for each scattering order independently. The formula of radiative transfer by the method of successive orders of scattering cannot be solved rapidly except in the case of optically thin atmospheres. Then we further derived a double scaling method, which scales the ordinary radiative transfer equation by two scaling factors. We applied the double scaling method to two-stream and four-stream approximations of the discrete ordinates method. Comparing the results of the double scaling method with those of the delta-M method, we found that the double scaling method improved the accuracy of radiative fluxes at large solar zenith angles, especially in the optically thin region, and that in the region where multiple scattering dominates, its accuracy was comparable to that of the delta-M method. Once we determined the scaling factors appropriately, the double scaling method calculated radiative fluxes as rapidly as the delta-M method in the two-stream and four-stream approximations. This method, therefore, is useful for accurate computation of solar radiative fluxes in general circulation models.     

Bose-Einstein correlations for pions produced inp p collisions at 360 GeV/c

Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields - Correlations among identically charged pions were measured for pions produced inp p collisions at 360 GeV/c using the EHS spectrometer. The...     

Discriminantal arrangement, 3 × 3 minors of Plücker matrix and hypersurfaces in Grassmannian Gr(3,n)

We show that points in specific degree-2 hypersurfaces in the Grassmannian $Gr(3,n)$ correspond to generic arrangements of n hyperplanes in ${\mathbb{C}}^3$ with associated discriminantal arrangement having intersections of multiplicity three in codimension two.     

A divergent synthesis of dihydropyridazinones,N‐substituted dihydropyrazoles,and O‐substituted pyrazoles

Dihydropyridazinones 4a , 4b , N‐substituted dihydropyrazoles 5b , 5c , 5d , and O‐substituted pyrazoles 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d have been synthesized starting from spirocyclopropanepyrazole derivative 2 . Treatment of 2 with α‐chloro esters, e.g., methyl chloroacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, isopropyl chloroacetate, and tert‐butyl chloroacetate, in potassium carbonate/sodium iodide system caused ring opening and subsequent C‐ or N‐attack nucleophilic substitution to give the corresponding dihydropyridazinones 4a , 4b and N‐substituted dihydropyrazoles 5b , 5c , 5d . On the other hand, in the absence of sodium iodide, O‐substituted pyrazoles 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d were obtained from 2 via an O‐attack nucleophilic substitution. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.