液封坩埚下降法生长非掺杂InP单晶的特性研究

用液封坩埚下降(LE-VB)法沿〈100〉晶向成功地生长了非掺杂InP单晶。LE-VB晶体的4.2K光致发光谱包含束缚于中性浅受主上的激子发光、与Zn受主相关的施主-受主(DA)对发光及其声子伴线、以及与本征缺陷等有关的深能级发光三部分。通过与液封直拉(LEC)生长的籽晶的光致发光谱比较表明,在LE-VB晶体中,束缚于中性浅受主上的激子发光与籽晶中的相差不大;DA对发光的晶格弛豫比籽晶中的小;与本征缺陷等有关的深能级发光强度比籽晶中的弱。晶体的室温光致发光谱仅包含带-带发光,其发光强度形貌测试结果表明,LE-VB晶体的带-带发光强度比LEC籽晶的强。用Huber法对晶片腐蚀的结果表明,在LE-BV晶体中,位错密度仅为LEC籽晶中的三分之一。分析认为,在LE-VB晶体中,本征缺陷和位错等浓度较低,可能是其带-带发光强度比在LEC籽晶中强的物理起因。     

Adsorption and desorption behaviors of cationic liposome-DNA complexes upon lipofection in inside and outside biomembrane models using a dynamic quasi-elastic laser scattering method.

The dynamic behaviors of cationic liposome-DNA complexes in inside and outside biomembrane models upon lipofection were investigated using the time-resolved quasi-elastic laser scattering (QELS) method. Inside and outside biomembrane models with similar phospholipid compositions to those in living cells were formed at a tetradecane/phosphate buffered saline (TD/PBS) interface. Cationic liposome-DNA complexes were injected into the buffer subphase, and their adsorption/desorption behaviors at the biomembrane models were monitored through changes in the interfacial tension. We found that the adsorption rate of the complexes increased 2.6 times more in the outside model than in the inside one. The adsorption rate of DNA alone did not show a remarkable difference from one side to the other; however, the adsorption rate of the cationic liposome alone showed a similar tendency to that of the liposome-DNA complex. These results indicated that the difference in lipid composition induced a different dynamic behavior of exogenous biomolecules and that the cationic liposomes played an important role in the faster incorporation of DNA into cells upon lipofection.     

Gravimetric study of high-pressure sorption of gases in polymers

A gravimetric method for determining precisely the solubility of gases in polymers at high pressure is described. The solubilities of N₂ and CO₂ in low-density polyethylene (LDPE); CO₂ in polycarbonate (PC); and N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆, and CO₂ in polysulfone (PSUL) have been measured as a function of pressure up to 50 atm. Most of the measured sorption isotherms agreed closely with published data, but reproducible and time-dependent hysteresis in the sorption of CO₂, C₂H₆, and CH₄ in glassy polymers, PC, and PSUL, was observed in this study for the first time. Like the well known conditioning effect of high-pressure CO₂ on the sorption capacity of glassy polymers, these hysteresis phenomena are believed to be due to the plasticizing effect of sorbed gases. On the basis of the current data, the dual-mode sorption model including the plasticization by sorbed gas is discussed and a primitive equation for the concentration of sorbed gases in a quasiequilibrium state of sorption or desorption is proposed.     

Self-assembly and subsequent accumulation of lipid nanotubes at oil/water interfaces.

We utilized oil/water interfaces as a new field to produce lipid nanotubes (LNTs), which are formed by the self-assembly of lipid molecules, and possess hollow nanometer-wide cylindrical structures. Compared to the self-assembling field in bulk water, oil/water interfaces produced shorter lipids nanotubes less than 10 microm long more efficiently. In addition, we found that the oil/water interface accumulates lipid nanotubes spontaneously. This methodology is favorable to fabricate LNTs as new nano-fluidic devices, or sensors that require accumulation and alignment in two dimensions.     

Alignment of iodine species in stretched polyacetylene films

The¹²⁹I Mössbauer spectroscopy has been applied to iodine-doped highly conducting polyacetylene. For the unstretched polyacetylene films, the iodine species of I^?, I ₃ ^? and I ₅ ^? are observed. The polyiodides have symmetrical charge population. In addition to these anions, a small amount of iodines is covalently bonding to the carbon atoms, breaking the double bonds of the main chain. For the stretched polyacetylene films, the measurements were done under the condition that the stretch direction was parallel or perpendicular to the direction of incident ψ-rays. The relative change of the intensities of the Mössbauer quadrupole-split lines reveals the alignment of the polyiodine anions in the stretched film.     

Chemical stability and electroconductivity of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane salts containing polycation polymers

The chemical and electrical stabilities of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) salts composed of neutral TCNQ (TCNQ^?), anion radicals of TCNQ(TCNQ^?·), and polycation polymers were studied by measuring their electronic spectra and resistivities (ρ). The results of spectral and chemical analyses confirmed that TCNQ^?· in TCNQ salts was decomposed to α,α-dicyano-p-toluoylcyanide (DTC^?) as the final product by the intermediate formation of TCNQ^? and p-phenylenediamalononitrile (H₂TCNQ) and that H₂O played an important part in the reaction. From these results it was concluded that TCNQ salts are decomposed by two reaction processes: The resistivity of TCNQ salts increases with the decomposition of TCNQ^?·. Studies on electroconductivity of TCNQ salts assume that the change in resistivity arises from the loss of unpaired electrons which become conduction carriers and also from the disintegration of the TCNQ^? and TCNQ^?· complex which forms the conduction path.     

Three-component photopolymer based on a novel mechanism: acid-catalyzed polymerization and decoupling of crosslinks

Three-component photopolymers comprising a photoacid generator, a bifunctional vinyl ether monomer and an aqueous base-soluble polymer as matrix were developed. These photopolymers exhibit either positive- or negative-working character, depending on the prebake temperature and the concentration of the photoacid generator. When the prebake temperature is high, the photo-polymer film is made insoluble in aqueous base and organic solvents by the formation of crosslinks. However, on exposure to light, the crosslinks are decoupled by the photogenerated acid and the photopolymer layer becomes again soluble in aqueous base, resulting in a positive-working character. When the concentration of the photoacid generator is low enough, the photopolymer has a negative-working character due to the cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. The mechanism of the photochemical reaction of the photopolymers was investigated to elucidate the complicated behavior.