Two types of diffusions at the cathode/electrolyte interface in IT-SOFCs

Analytical transmission electron microscopy, in particular with the combination of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), has been performed to investigate the microstructure and microchemistry of the interfacial region between the cathode (La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.2O₃, LSCF) and the electrolyte (Gd-doped ceria, GDC). Two types of diffusions, mutual diffusion between cathode and electrolyte as well as the diffusion along grain boundaries, have been clarified. These diffusions suggest that the chemical stability of LSCF and GDC are not as good as previously reported. The results are more noteworthy if we take into consideration the fact that such interdiffusions occur even during the sintering process of cell preparation.     

Descent Kummer theory via Weil restriction of multiplicative groups

We prove a Kummer duality for certain fields without roots of unity by using the Weil restriction of the multiplicative groups. This is a natural generalization of the classical Kummer theory.     

IMEX Runge–Kutta schemes for reaction–diffusion equations

A fundamental research is carried out into convergence and stability properties of IMEX (implicit–explicit) Runge–Kutta schemes applied to reaction–diffusion equations. It is shown that a fully discrete scheme converges if it satisfies certain conditions using a technique of the B-convergence analysis, developed by Burrage, Hundsdorfer and Verwer in 1986. Stability of the schemes is also examined on the basis of a scalar test equation, proposed by Frank, Hundsdorfer and Verwer in 1997.     

Uniform perfectness of the limit sets of Kleinian groups

In this note, we show, in a quantitative fashion, that the limit set of a non-elementary Kleinian group is uniformly perfect if the quotient orbifold is of Lehner type, i.e., if the space of integrable holomorphic quadratic differentials on it is continuously contained in the space of (hyperbolically) bounded ones. This result covers the known case when the group is analytically finite. As applications, we present estimates of the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set and the translation lengths in the region of discontinuity for such a Kleinian group. Several examples will also be given.

     

Interfacial structure of oxidized inner pores in precursor-derived Si–C–N ceramics

Inner pore channels were commonly found in precursor-derived Si–C–N ceramics. After annealing in air at 1420 °C, their oxidation structures were investigated by analytical TEM. A carbon-rich ring was frequently observed under the silica layer inside the pore channels, which consisted of graphite-like clusters in size of 20–30 nm. Origin of such interfacial structure is due to the excessive free-carbon in the amorphous Si–C–N matrix that had survived the oxidation process. This graphitic interface could further improve the oxidation resistance of the SiO₂ over-layer. This novel interfacial structure was also found by annealing in N₂, reaffirming the effect of composition of Si–C–N matrix.     

Nonexistence of elliptic curves having good reduction everywhere over certain quadratic fields

The purpose of this paper is to show the nonexistence of elliptic curves having good reduction everywhere over certain quadratic fields.