Planarity recognition of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by various octadecylsilica stationary phases in non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Summary Planarity recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been investigated using bonded octadecyl stationary phases synthesized in different ways. Retention results indicate apparent differences among the functionalities of the stationary phases, a fact found useful for identifying the functionality of commercially available octadecylsilica (ODS) phases. Retention behevior can be explained by the slit-like structures of polymeric oDS phases, as evidenced by suspension¹³C NMR measurements.     

Competitive thermal ene reaction and Diels-Alder reactions of 2-[N-(alk-2-enyl)benzylamino]-3-vinylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(4H)-ones

Thermal reaction of 2-[N-(alk-2-enyl)benzylamino]-3-(2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted)vinylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(4H)-ones gave azepine, the desired ene products, and/or pyran derivatives. The formation of the latter was responsible for the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between the α,β-unsaturated ester carbonyl moiety as a diene part and the alkenylamino moiety as an ene one. The reaction features depended upon the kinds of substituents both on the vinyl and alkenyl counterparts; strongly electron-withdrawing substituents on the vinyl moiety or an electron-donating substituent on the alkenyl one changed the reaction feature from the ene reaction to the hetero Diels-Alder reaction.     

[2.2](2,6)Biphenylenophane and [2](2,6)Biphenyleno[2](2,6)naphthalenophane

Two cyclophanes, [2.2](2,6)biphenylenophane and [2](2,6)biphenyleno[2](2,6)naphthalenophane, were prepared.     

Photometric detection of cyclodextrins in liquid chromatography by using iodine generated electrochemically in-situ

A method has been developed for photometric detection of cyclodextrins (CD) in liquid chromatography using iodine (I₂) generated electrochemically in-situ. Iodide ion in the mobile phase was electrochemically oxidized to I₂ which was subsequently reacted with I^–, in an electrochemical flow cell, forming I₃^–. The absorbance of I₃^– was found to be greatly enhanced when CD were present in the mobile phase. The absorbance enhancement was caused by the change in the mole fraction of I₃^–, because of the inclusion reaction of I₃^– with CD. On the basis of this phenomenon, CD were detected by means of a photodiode-array UV–visible detector positioned downstream of the electrochemical flow cell. The signals were found to be linearly dependent on CD concentration. Because the formation constants of I₃^– with CD decrease in the order -CD>-CD>-CD, -CD was most detectable by the method. Detection limits were 1.0 mol L^–1 for -CD, 65 mol L^–1 for monoG1--CD, 100 mol L^–1 for -CD, and 200 mol L^–1 for -CD.     

New design of a radio-frequency plasma torch

A numerical model has been developed for predicting the two-dimensional flow and temperature fields in a radio-frequency (rf) plasma torch. The method employed here is based on Boulos' model with the exception of the boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic field equations. Calculations have been made for the confirmation of a new sample injection method, which is capable of completely evaporating refractory materials at high feeding rates without interfering with the stability of the plasma. In the newly designed torch, the reagent is radially injected into the hottest part of the plasma through quartz capillary tubes set symmetrically between an inductor coil. Experimental investigations have also been performed for verifying the proper function of the design. These results provide evidence that our radial injection method developed here is more effective in practical processing than the conventional axial injection methods.     

Microwave spectrum and the structure of benzoyl chloride

The microwave spectrum of benzoyl chloride was observed in the frequency range 12–18.6 GHz. Rotational constants have been obtained for the ground vibrational state, the first three excited torsional states of the COCl group, and one of the out-of-plane bending states. The residual inertial defect obtained from the ground and the torsional excited states indicates that the equilibrium conformation is planar. Ab initio MO calculations (STO-3G) showed the potential energy curve as a function of the COCl torsional angle to be rather flat around zero degrees.     

Mesogenicity of Organophosphazenes: The Effect of Phosphazene Rings and Side Groups on the Phase Transition

Cyclotriphosphazene and cyclotetraphosphazene derivatives with mesogenic 4-N-(4-alkoxyphenyl)iminomethyl)phenoxy and 4-(4'-alkoxy)biphenoxy moieties were synthesized. Schiff base moiety has higher mesomorphic stability than that in biphenyl moiety both in cyclotriphosphazene and cyclotetraphosphazene. Cyclotriphosphazenes possess higher thermal stability in the mesomorphic phase than the cyclotetraphosphazenes, suggesting the difference in the molecular structure.     

Endoscopy system for length measurement by manual pointing with an electromagnetic tracking sensor

We propose a practical and simple measurement function of three dimensional (3D) length for endoscopy based on triangulation using manually pointed correspondences. This system is a novel combination of conventional methods. 3D length information is useful for many medical purposes and the burden of manual procedures can be reduced by focusing on length. We employed a novel combination for length measurement, that is, a monocular endoscope with an electromagnetic tracking sensor. The proposed method can measure the length without any equipment for light projection and changing the current procedure of endoscopy. Our method is made more robust and reliable than the automatic correspondence techniques through the best use of the expertise of endoscopists. We developed a prototype system and evaluated its accuracy. From experimental results, we showed that the proposed method can measure the 3D length of static objects accurately as long as the measurement geometry is suitable.     

Transport property characterization of sparse CNT networks via AFM images

A simulation method for correlating the resistivity and resistance of sparse carbon nanotube (CNT) networks via atomic force microscopy images was proposed. For the demonstration, resistance values simulated by this method were compared with values obtained by directory measuring the resistance of sparse CNT networks. Results were also compared with those obtained by a thin-film approximation in which CNT networks are approximated as thin rectangles. Simulated resistance values were closer to the experimental values of the same samples than those estimated on the basis of the thin-film approximation. The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images enabled the implementation of inhomogeneity to numerical models, as well as one-to-one comparison between real samples and numerical models.