Botrydienal,a new prytotoxin,and its related metabolites,dehydrobotrydienal and deacetyldihydrobotrydial produced by botryotiniasquamosa

A new phytotoxin, botrydienal, and its two related metabolites, dehydrobotrydienal and deacetyldihydrobotrydial, were isolated from $\text{Botryotinia}$$\text{squamosa}$, and their structures were elucidated as $\text{1}$, $\text{2}$ and $\text{3}$, respectively, on the basis of spectral analysis.     

Meta functionalization of anilines and phenol

Regioselective introduction of various functional groups on the meta-position of anilines and phenol was achieved by proton abstraction from the chromium tricarbonyl complexes $\text{3}$,$\text{5}$,$\text{7}$ with $\text{n}$-BuLi, followed by the addition of electrophiles and decomplexation.     

Electrochemical synthesis, crystal structure, and photomagnetic properties of a three-dimensional cyano-bridged copper-molybdenum complex

A single crystal of Cs(I)2Cu(II)7[Mo(IV)CN8]4.6H2O was electrochemically prepared on a Pt wire electrode with a constant potential of +500 mV vs Ag/AgCl electrode. X-ray single-crystal structural analysis showed that this compound consists of a three-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Mo bimetallic assembly with a tetragonal structure of I4/mmm. The coordination geometry of Mo(IV) is bicapped trigonal prism, and that of Cu(II) is five-coordinate of square pyramidal or four-coordinate of square planar. This compound was also prepared as a 0.2-3.0 microm thick film on a SnO2-coated glass in the same electrochemical manner. When the sample, which shows paramagnetism due to Cu(II) (S = 1/2), was irradiated with 450-500 nm light at 5 K, spontaneous magnetization with a Curie temperature of 23 K was observed. This photoinduced change was recovered by a thermal treatment. In the infrared (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra after light irradiation, variations in the stretching IR peak of CN bridged to Mo(IV) and the paramagnetic ESR peak of Cu(II) were observed, respectively. The data indicate that this photomagnetism is caused by the electron transfer from Mo(IV) to Cu(II) and the ferromagnetic ordering between Cu(II) (S = 1/2) and Mo(V) (S = 1/2).     

Generalized diffusion equation of interacting brownian particles

Macroscopic behavior of a system of brownian particles interacting with each other through potential forces is described by a generalized diffusion equation (GDE) for the density of particles. The diffusion coefficient in the GDE is given by the generalized Stokes—Einstein relation and generally depends on the density. In the presence of long-range interactions, the GDE becomes non-local in space. When a Coulomb interaction exists, the GDE corresponds to an improvement of the Poisson—Boltzmann equation.     

Wettability control of a solid surface by utilizing photocatalysis

This paper describes a strategic approach utilizing a photocatalyst to obtain a solid surface with a high level of sustainable wettability (hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity). We clarified that the substances adsorbed on the surface could be successfully removed by photocatalytic oxidation resulting in sustainable high hydrophilic and high hydrophobic states. In addition to the conventional redox reaction, photoinduced wettability conversion plays an inevitable role in obtaining a superhydrophilic state. Both of the aforementioned photoinduced properties can be applied to sustain a high level of hydrophilicity. A superhydrophobic surface can be designed based on the Cassie theory. However, a combination with the usual TiO₂ photocatalyst leads to a decrease in hydrophobicity because the photocatalyst becomes hydrophilic itself as a result of the photoinduced hydrophilic reaction. Utilizing the newly developed hydroxyapatite doped with Ti(IV) ions (TiHAP) photocatalyst, which has a considerably reduced hydrophilic effect, a superhydrophobic surface can be sustained after exposing it to outdoor conditions for a long period. As for sustaining the hydrophobic state, the introduction of a material design based on dynamic wettability leads to the possibility of novel functional materials with a high dynamic hydrophobicity. Our study shows that a high level of wettability (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) of a solid surface as that sustained by biologic action is possible by utilizing photocatalysis. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 279–290; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20154     

Complex wavefront reconstruction of digital in-line holography with a spatial radial carrier

We propose a method for reconstructing a complex wavefront from a single-shot in-line digital hologram with a spatial radial carrier. In the proposed method, the spatial radial carrier is generated by a point source that is located in front of an image sensor, as close as possible to the sensor with the condition that the Nyquist limit is not exceeded. A signal processing method employed for elimination of the zeroth-order and conjugate wave components is presented. Computer simulations and optical experiments are performed to verify the proposed method.     

Electronic structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes encapsulating ellipsoidal C70

The molecular orientation of ellipsoidal C(70) in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) depends on the tube diameter (d(t)). Photoluminescence (PL) studies reveal that the fullerene encapsulation effects on the optical transition energy of SWCNTs are significantly different for C(70) and C(60) at d(t) = 1.405-1.431 nm. This indicates that the transition from the "lying" alignment to the "standing" alignment occurs at d(t) ≈ 1.41 nm and the electronic states of SWCNTs are very sensitive to the interspacing between the encapsulated molecules and the SWCNTs. The present findings suggest that the electronic structure of SWCNTs is tunable not only by alternating the encapsulated molecules but also by controlling their molecular orientations, thus paving the way for development of novel SWCNT-based devices.     

Synthesis of manzacidin A and C: efficient construction of quaternary carbon stereocenters bearing nitrogen substituents

An efficient synthetic method for stereoselective construction of asymmetric quaternary carbon stereocenters, bearing nitrogen in the form of Boc-protected allyl amines, has been developed. This methodology is employed in the synthesis of marine alkaloids, manzacidin A and C.