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991.
992.
Sonoluminescence spectra from argon-saturated NaCl solution were measured in the concentration range of 0.5-4 M at the frequency of 138 kHz. The line broadening of sodium atom emission was observed at various acoustic powers in the range from 1.8 to 16.2 W. The sodium D line showed a maximum intensity at a NaCl concentration of 2 M, which corresponded to the maximum production of OH radicals estimated by KI dosimetry. The effects of the addition of a small amount of ethanol on the line width and intensity were closely investigated at various acoustic powers. The sodium line width increases with ethanol concentration and also with power, whereas the line intensity is strongly quenched with increasing ethanol concentration. The results conclusively show that the sodium emission occurs in the gas phase within bubbles. The line broadening is due to interactions with high-pressure argon, and the maximum relative density of gas at bubble collapse was estimated to be 59.5 from the comparison with spectroscopic data. Further line broadening and quenching upon the addition of ethanol arise from collisions with gaseous products obtained from the decomposition of ethanol. The mechanism of sodium excitation is inferred to be as follows. Sodium ions enter bubbles as droplets, and salts are formed because of the high temperature within bubbles. Sodium atoms are generated by the dissociation of salts and then undergo electronic excitation by OH and H radicals. 相似文献
993.
The first total syntheses of two tricyclic sesquiterpenes 1 and 2, isolated from Jatropha neopauciflora, were completed from dimethyl D-tartrate in a stereoselective manner. The crucial steps in these syntheses involved not only the Rh(I)-catalyzed Pauson-Khand-type reaction of the allenene derivative leading to the exclusive formation of the bicyclo[4.3.0]nonenone framework possessing an angular methyl group but also a highly stereoselective construction of the isopropylcyclopropane ring. 相似文献
994.
Asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to (E)-methyl 2-cyano-3-arylpropenoates proceeded in the presence of a rhodium catalyst (3 mol %) coordinated with a chiral diene ligand, (R,R)-Ph-bod*, to give high yields of the corresponding methyl 3,3-diaryl-2-cyanopropanoates with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). This catalytic asymmetric transformation was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-tolterodine. 相似文献
995.
An organocatalyst-mediated, asymmetric Mannich reaction in the presence of water without using organic solvents has been developed. A highly reactive siloxytetrazole hybrid catalyst has been developed for the reaction of dimethoxyacetaldehyde, while the sodium salt of siloxyproline is an effective catalyst of alpha-imino glyoxylate. Excellent enantioselectivity can be realized, and the usage of organic solvents can be reduced compared to the conventional reactions in organic solvents. 相似文献
996.
Aikawa S Fujita N Myojo H Hayashi T Tanino T 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2008,56(10):1431-1435
A newly developed mini-scale high shear granulator was used for scale-up study of wet granulation process from 0.2 to 200 L scales. Under various operation conditions and granulation bowl sizes, powder mixture composed of anhydrous caffeine, D-mannitol, dibasic calcium phosphate, pregelatinized starch and corn starch was granulated by adding water. The granules were tabletted, and disintegration time and hardness of the tablets were evaluated to seek correlations of granulation conditions and tablet properties. As the granulation proceeded, disintegration time was prolonged and hardness decreased. When granulation processes were operated under the condition that agitator tip speed was the same, similar relationship between granulation time and tablet properties, such as disintegration time and hardness, between 0.2 L and 11 L scales were observed. Likewise, between 11 L and 200 L scales similar relationship was observed when operated under the condition that the force to the granulation mass was the same. From the above results, the mini-scale high shear granulator should be useful tool to predict operation conditions of large-scale granulation from its mini-scale operation conditions, where similar tablet properties should be obtained. 相似文献
997.
Takeshi Inoue Takeshi Furukawa Akihiro Yoshimi Tsubasa Nanao Masatoshi Chikamori Kunifumi Suzuki Hironori Hayashi Hirokazu Miyatake Yuichi Ichikawa Masato Tsuchiya Naoto Hatakeyama Sota Kagami Makoto Uchida Hideki Ueno Yukari Matsuo Takeshi Fukuyama Koichiro Asahi 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2016,70(6):129
998.
Synthesis of Furoxans (1,2,5‐oxadiazole 2‐oxides) from Styrenes and Nitrosonium Tetrafluoroborate in Non‐Acidic Media and Mechanistic Study
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Ryosuke Matsubara Akihiro Ando Yuta Saeki Kazuo Eda Naoki Asada Tomoaki Tsutsumi Yong Soon Shin Masahiko Hayashi 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2016,53(4):1094-1105
Diverse furoxans (1,2,5‐oxadiazole 2‐oxides) were synthesized from the corresponding styrenes using nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate as the nitrosation reagent in pyridine (basic media) or dichloromethane (neutral media). Acid‐sensitive functional groups were tolerated under these conditions. The probable reaction mechanism was elucidated. The experimental results support an ionic reaction pathway in contrast to the conventional acidic conditions with a radical mechanism. 相似文献
999.
Base‐Free Conditions for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation To Produce Stereochemically Labile α‐Aryl Ketones
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Dr. Xiaowei Dou Prof. Dr. Yixin Lu Prof. Dr. Tamio Hayashi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(23):6739-6743
The asymmetric arylation of 2,2‐dialkyl cyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones with aryl boronic acids was found to be efficiently catalyzed by a chiral diene–rhodium μ‐chloro dimer, [{RhCl((R)‐diene*)}2], in the absence of bases in toluene/H2O to give 2,2‐dialkyl 4‐aryl cyclopentane‐1,3‐diones in high yields with high enantioselectivity. Such compounds can not be obtained with high enantiomeric purity under the standard basic conditions used for rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric arylation because the α‐aryl ketone products undergo racemization under the basic conditions. 相似文献
1000.
Behavior of Halogen Bonds of the Y−X⋅⋅⋅π Type (X,Y=F,Cl, Br,I) in the Benzene π System,Elucidated by Using a Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules Dual‐Functional Analysis
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The nature of halogen bonds of the Y?X‐?‐π(C6H6) type (X, Y=F, Cl, Br, and I) have been elucidated by using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) dual‐functional analysis (QTAIM‐DFA), which we proposed recently. Asterisks (?) emphasize the presence of bond‐critical points (BCPs) in the interactions in question. Total electron energy densities, Hb( r c), are plotted versus Hb( r c)?Vb( r c)/2 [=(?2/8m)?2ρb( r c)] for the interactions in QTAIM‐DFA, in which Vb( r c) are potential energy densities at the BCPs. Data for perturbed structures around fully optimized structures were used for the plots, in addition to those of the fully optimized ones. The plots were analyzed by using the polar (R, θ) coordinate for the data of fully optimized structures with (θp, κp) for those that contained the perturbed structures; θp corresponds to the tangent line of the plot and κp is the curvature. Whereas (R, θ) corresponds to the static nature, (θp, κp) represents the dynamic nature of the interactions. All interactions in Y?X‐?‐π(C6H6) are classified by pure closed‐shell interactions and characterized to have vdW nature, except for Y?I‐?‐π(C6H6) (Y=F, Cl, Br) and F?Br‐?‐π(C6H6), which have typical hydrogen‐bond nature without covalency. I?I‐?‐π(C6H6) has a borderline nature between the two. Y?F‐?‐π(C6H6) (Y=Br, I) were optimized as bent forms, in which Y‐?‐π interactions were detected. The Y‐?‐π interactions in the bent forms are predicted to be substantially weaker than those in the linear F?Y‐?‐π(C6H6) forms. 相似文献