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141.
K. Itoh S. Ueda T. Komuro K. Sato M. Takahashi H. Miyajima H. Tanno H. Muramoto 《Shock Waves》1998,8(4):215-233
In order to improve the operation of a high-enthalpy free piston shock tunnel its tuned operation was studied analytically
and experimentally. First, the piston motion in the free piston driver tube was analytically solved by proposing a simple
piston/gasdynamic model, and the tuned operation condition was formulated as an eigenvalue with which the piston has sufficiently
high speed at the moment of diaphragm rupture, so as to maintain a constant driver gas pressure, and reduces its speed to
come to rest when very closely approaching the end of the driver tube. Second, the result of this analysis was validated by
its comparison with experiments which were conducted in the medium-sized free piston shock tunnel HEK installed at the NAL
Kakuda Research Center. By observing the detail of piston landing at the end of the driver tube the present tuned operation
was found to be successfully achieved with the operating condition given here. Its advantages in improving the pressure recovery
factor and in enhancing the stagnation enthalpy were successfully demonstrated.
Received 8 June 1997 / Accepted 1 October 1997 相似文献
142.
Miki A Katagi M Kamata T Zaitsu K Tatsuno M Nakanishi T Tsuchihashi H Takubo T Suzuki K 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2011,46(4):411-416
A new approach is described for imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of methamphetamine (MA) incorporated into human hair using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) and MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR). A longitudinal section of a lengthwise manually-cut single human hair shaft from a chronic MA user was directly analyzed by MALDI-TOF-IMS after deposited with α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix. A barcode-like image, which was most probably generated with repeated intakes of MA, was for the first time obtained by monitoring MA-specific product ion in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Laser beam scan lengthwise-cut hair shafts gave only poor mass spectra of MA, probably due to the loss of MA and/or the thermal denaturation of hair. The identity of MA detected in hair was further confirmed by MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry. A combination with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry by FTICR provided indisputable identification of MA. The MALDI-FTICR-IMS of another hair shaft from the same MA user also provided a barcode-like image by monitoring the protonated molecule of MA with ultra-high resolution. The two barcode-like images exhibited a close resemblance. Thus, MALDI-IMS can offer a new perspective: 'imaging hair analyses for drugs'. 相似文献
143.
Biosensor for L-phenylalanine based on the optical detection of NADH using a UV light emitting diode
Takahiro Arakawa Tomoyuki Koshida Tomoko Gessei Kumiko Miyajima Daishi Takahashi Hiroyuki Kudo Kazuyoshi Yano Kohji Mitsubayashi 《Mikrochimica acta》2011,173(1-2):199-205
A biosensor was developed for the detection of L-phenylalanine (Phe) and demonstrated for use in the diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU). It consists of L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase (L-PheDH) immobilized on a membrane, an ultraviolet light-emitting diode excitation system, and a photomultiplier tube. The L-PheDH was immobilized on a teflon membrane modified with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and placed at the distal and of an optical fiber. The concentration of Phe was determined by immersing the sensor into a sample solution that also contained NAD+ and measurement of the fluorescence of the NADH produced by enzymatic reaction. Two L-PheDHs (from Thermoactinomyces intermedius and Sporosarcina sp.) were studied and compared. The fluorescence intensities of the biosensor are linearly related to the L-Phe concentrations in the range from 10 μmol L?1 to 10 mmol L?1. The sensor also was operated in the kinetic mode by differential determination of the slope of the signal within 2 min. The analytical range of the sensor is adequate for application in the genotypic diagnosis of PKU (diagnostic value >600 μmol L?1). High sensitivity, good cost-benefit ratio, and low power consumption are typical features of this biosensing system that can can be applied to routine screening of newborn. Figure
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) detecting biosensor of L-phenylalanine (Phe) was developed and demonstrated for diagnosis of phenylketonuria. This biosensor was comprised of L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase immobilized membrane, an ultra violet light-emitting diodes excitation system and a photomultiplier tube. The sensor was sufficient to clinical application of genotypic diagnosis for phenylketonuria. 相似文献
144.
Yoji Miyajima Shin-Ya Komatsu Masatoshi Mitsuhara Satoshi Hata Hideharu Nakashima Nobuhiro Tsuji 《哲学杂志》2013,93(34):4475-4488
Commercial purity aluminium sheets were severely plastic deformed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Changes in electrical resistivity at 77 K and microstructure during the ARB process were traced up to 12 cycles, which corresponded to an equivalent strain of 10. The resistivity at 77 K increased with increasing number of ARB cycles, then saturated after about the sixth ARB cycle with a maximum increment of resistivity from starting material of about 1.1 nΩ m. Since lattice defects affect the resistivity of metals, the internal dislocation density and the density of grain boundaries were evaluated from scanning transmission electron microscopy images using Ham's method and grain boundary maps obtained from electron back-scattering diffraction, respectively. The relationship between the change in resistivity and the lattice defects is discussed. 相似文献
145.
Vojtěch Vlček Jakub Čížek Jan Drahokoupil Jan Valenta Nobuyoshi Miyajima Roman Skála 《哲学杂志》2013,93(20):2749-2769
Samples of CaF2 irradiated for millions of years in nature were studied by several methods, including X-Ray diffraction, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the unexpectedly high density of radiation-induced defects present in the fluorite structure (documented by TEM) causes significant micro-strains. Even annealing up to 450°C cannot completely remove these micro-strains, which are stabilised by impurities. PAS and subsequent theoretical calculations revealed the behaviour of the defects during heating. The PL spectra of irradiated fluorite were also interpreted. 相似文献
146.
Dr. Ik Sung Cho Prof. Dr. Tooru Ooya 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(4):913-920
Slide-ring hydrogels using polyrotaxanes have been developed as highly tough soft materials. However, they have never been used as biomaterials because of the lack of biocompatibility. Meanwhile, self-healing hydrogels are expected to improve fatigue resistance and extend the period of use. However, owing to the lack of high mechanical strength, they are limited in their use as biomaterials. Here we first developed a biocompatible self-healing/slide-ring hydrogel using glycol chitosan and a water-soluble polyrotaxane. We obtained excellent mechanical toughness and biocompatibility to promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) encapsulated in the hydrogel. Owing to the rapid self-healing property, the cell-encapsulating gels adjusted arbitrarily, maintaining good cell proliferation function. Therefore, slide-ring hydrogels enable the use of biomaterials for soft-tissue engineering. 相似文献
147.
Tomotaka Shimoyama Takeo Tojo Hitoshi Kawaji Tooru Atake Hiroshi Fukazawa Naoki Igawa 《Solid State Ionics》2009,180(6-8):560-562
Heat capacity and neutron diffraction measurements were carried out to determine the location of protons in the crystal of proton conducting perovskite oxide BaZr0.8Sc0.2O2.9. The heat capacity of proton- and deuteron-dissolved BaZr0.8Sc0.2O2.9 showed a slight difference from that of the dry sample. It indicates that the librational motion of the OH(OD) group is not excited below room temperature. The neutron diffraction experiments on the deutron dissolved sample indicate that the deuteron exists near the 12h site. 相似文献
148.
In order to deduce the mechanisms of hemolysis induced with the nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene cholesteryl ethers, C27H45(OCH2CH2)
n
OH (n=8, 25, 30, 50) and polyoxyethylene dihydrocholesteryl ethers, C27H47(OCH2CH2)
n
OH (n=15, 30, 50), the interaction of these surfactants with the liposomal membrane as a simple model membrane was investigated in terms of a leakage of the entrapped marker, and a change of the membrane fluidity. The time-courses of the marker leakage were characterized with two kinetic parameters, the initial induction period and the apparent first-order rate constant. The polyoxyethylene chain length was an important factor in the membrane-lytic activities, and the maximal rate as well as the maximal amount of the marker leakage was observed with n=25–30 in these surfactants series. However, the apparent activation energies derived from the two kinetic parameters increased almost linearly with the hydrophilic chain length. The used surfactants tended to fluidize the liposomal membrane in the concentration ranges of surfactants where the marker leakage is not at all or only slightly induced — but with the higher concentration of the cholesteryl derivatives, the apparent fluidity was significantly reduced. From these observations, the mechanisms of the membrane-lysis are discussed. 相似文献
149.
Goh Miyajima Kensuke Takahashi Hiroshi Sugiyama 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》1974,6(3):181-183
Carbon-13 NMR spectra of pyridine have been observed by using the slow scan technique in the absorption mode. The long range coupling constants between carbon-13 and protons have been obtained and assigned by the isotope substitution method. 相似文献
150.
[reaction: see text] High stereoselectivities were found in a wide range of superacid-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler cyclization reactions. Particularly in the cases of 2-alkyl-N-benzylidene-2-phenethylamines, an enhanced stereoselectivity was observed under the superacid conditions as compared with the corresponding weak acid (TFA)-catalyzed (monocationic) cyclization reaction of the N-benzylidene-2-(3',4'-dimethoxy)phenethylamines that bear electron-donating groups on the cyclizing aromatic ring. The computational study also supported the energetic favorability of the cyclization of the N,N-diprotonated imine and revealed a significantly early transition-state structure. 相似文献