A study of thin surface layers by multilayer Mössbauer spectroscopy /MMS/

A stacking Mössbauer technique, MMS has been applied for studying thin surface layers. The surface layers formed on the⁵⁷Fe film in aqueous solutions of corrosion inhibitors, such as zinc phosphate and barium metaborate, and in distilled water was studied by this method. It has been found that the corrosion is much slower in the presence of zinc phosphate and barium metaborate. XPS analysis suggests the formation of a mixed iron zinc phosphate on the surface of the⁵⁷Fe film after corrosion in a zinc phosphate solution.     

Development of a novel laboratory scale high solids reactor for anaerobic digestion of processed municipal solid wastes for the production of methane

Economic evaluations of the capital costs for anaerobic digestion systems for gas production show that the reactor is a significant cost component. The successful application of high solids digestion of processed MSW (e.g., greater than 10% solids within the digester) would allow a decrease in reactor volume with maintenance of relatively high gas production rates. However, high solids slurries do not mix well in conventional stirred tank reactors. A horizontal shaft, hydraulically driven reactor was designed and fabricated to test the anaerobic digestion of high solids concentrations. Digester performance was evaluated as a function of experimental parameters such as nutrient requirements, feeding rates, pH control, and agitator design/ rotation speed; horsepower of mixing was also evaluated for the reactor. Several startup protocols were examined to obtain a biologically stable anaerobic fermentation at high solids levels.     

Hydroxylamido(1-)-O,N-Komplexe des Molybdäns(VI) mit terminalen Oxo-, Sulfido- und Selenido-Liganden Die Kristallstrukturen von [MoO2(C5H10NO)2] und von [MoS2(C5H10NO)2]

Hydroxylamido(1-)-O,N Complexes of Molybdenum(VI) Containing Terminal Oxo, Sulfido, and Selenido Ligands. Crystal Structures of [MoO₂(C₅H₁₀NO)₂] and of [MoS₂(C₅H₁₀NO)₂] Molecular complexes of cis-dioxo-bis(hydroxylamido(1-)-O,N)molybdenum(VI) containing O,N-coordinated, N,N-substituted hydroxylamine ligands react with H₂S in toluene substituting one or both terminal oxo groups yielding cis-oxosulfido- and cis-disulfido-bis (hydroxylamido(1-)-O,N) molybdenum complexes, respectively. With H₂Se the corresponding cis-oxoselenido complexes are formed. The crystal structures of the two title compounds containing piperidine-N-oxide as ligands are described: The cis-disulfido complex crystallizes tetragonal in the space group D—I 4 2 m with four formula units per unit cell; the corresponding cis-dioxo complex crystallizes orthorhombic (D—P 2₁2₁2₁; Z = 4). The ¹H—nmr spectra and the UV-visible absorption spectra are reported.     

Oxidation of steroid α-diketones by thallium (III) acetate : Crystal and molecular structure of a spiro-cyclopentan-a,s-indaceno derivative obtained from 3,4-diketo steroids

Treatment of 2,3-diketo-cholestane (1) with thallium triacetate in acetic acid afforded mainly 3α-carbomethoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestan-2-one (2). Under similar conditions, the 3,4-diketo steroids (3 and 4) underwent extensive rearrangement affording spiro-lactones (9 and 10), in low yields. The structural assignment of the spiro-cholestane derivative was supported by crystallographic X-ray analysis. This product was the result of A and B-ring contractions followed by acid-catalysed cyclization of an unsaturated carboxy intermediate.     

Efficiency of four different techniques in coupled HPLC-UV/VIS to quantify overlapping peaks with known spectral features

Summary Four different techniques to quantify unresolved chromatographic peaks with known spectral features combined with photodiode array detection, are investigated as regards their efficiency for the accurate and precise determination of drugs in the low g-range. The comparison includes peak suppression utilising difference chromatograms, first-order derivative chromatograms, selective chromatograms, generated by the calculation of orthogonal polynomial shares, and the powerful least-squares multicomponent analysis approach. Each of these methods uses UV-spectra taken throughout, the peak. The results presented and conclusions reached should enable the chromatographer to come to a decision about the reasonable use of these options now provided by multichannel detection in HPLC.     

Averaged molecular weight of complex mixtures as determined by rapid measurements of diffusion

Summary The concept of a diffusion-averaged molecular weight, M_d is presented, and M_d is defined for polydisperse samples. It is shown via oligostyrene mixtures that M_d can be determined in 20 minutes with common chromatographic equipment. If M_d is measured and M_n or M_w is known, the polydispersity can be obtained.     

Beim Nachweis von E 605 im Mageninhalt

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Das Grenzflächenverhalten von Carboxymethylcellulose an Baumwolle

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Metrological role of neutron activation analysis. IB. Inherent characteristics of relative INAA as a primary ratio method of measurement

This is the second part of a paper which deals with the advantages and disadvantages of relative instrumental neutron activation analysis concerning traceability and uncertainty, and the current scope and possible future extensions of neutron activation analysis as a primary ratio method. The first part of this paper has been published in this Journal [1]. Received: 19 March 2001 Accepted: 2 October 2001