一种加成固化型热固性树脂PN-PAA固化过程和热稳定性研究

研究了炔丙基醚化酚醛树脂(PN)与聚芳基乙炔树脂(PAA)的反应性共混物(以下简称PN-PAA共混树脂)的相容性,并对共混树脂的固化过程和固化物的耐热性进行了表征.相态、DSC、SEM、TEM等测试结果均表明共混树脂及其固化物是完全相容的均相体系.凝胶时间、粘度、DSC等结果表明共混树脂固化工艺性优良,适合多种成型工艺(如RTM),显著改善了PAA树脂的固化工艺缺陷.DMA、TGA等分析表明共混树脂固化物具有很高的耐热性,可作为新型的防热复合材料和高温结构材料的基体.     

β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以β-环糊精(β-CD)为接枝骨架、DL-丙交酯(DLLA)为接枝单体,三乙胺为催化剂,合成了β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物(PCDLA).利用IR、1H-NMR、DSC、WXRD和GPC等方法对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征,测定了共聚物的分子量,并研究了反应投料比对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)的影响.结果表明,在三乙胺催化下,DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精能够发生聚合反应得到接枝共聚物,当DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精结构单元的摩尔比为30∶1,反应时间为10h时,接枝反应的接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)可分别达到182·9%和21·4%.随着接枝共聚物中β-环糊精含量的增加,共聚物的亲水性得到了改善.     

再生燃料电池的研究与应用

与传统二次电池（铅酸蓄电池、锂电池）相比,再生燃料电池在储能时间、能量密度、使用寿命和环境保护方面占有优势,可广泛应用于航天、军事领域和现场蓄能系统。本文介绍了再生燃料电池的原理、分类和应用情况,详细阐述了再生燃料电池双效电极和双效电极催化剂的制备方法以及水热管理的研究进展,指出再生燃料电池的不足之处并进行了展望。     

直接甲醇燃料电池中的涉水传递现象及数值模拟

直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）的开发设计日渐成为燃料电池领域的研究热点。利用数学模型对内部传递现象进行数值模拟,不仅具有很强的理论意义,而且对结构设计和操作条件优化有很强的指导意义。本文基于两相流模型和CFD（computer fluid dynamics）技术的应用,综述了电池内部绝大多数的传递过程,特别是近些年开发的电池内部与水相关的传递过程的物理模型和数学模型,并以二者的相互联系加以组织。这些模型思想综合考虑了微观传递机理,描述了电池内复杂的传递现象并提供了相应的数值模拟方法和模型验证方法。这些方法能够加深人们对电池内部传质现象的理解,而其实用意义在于能够指导设计和优化电池结构、提高电池的体积和重量比能量密度和缩短开发周期和大幅度降低开发成本。     

多孔整体固定相的制备与色谱性能

结合连续加料降低聚合体系的放热量,及强化体系的换热能力等措施,实现了无搅拌模式聚合体系中温度分布的均一化。通过单次聚合过程构造了体积为38mL的大体积整体固定相。SEM及孔隙率分布测试证明了整体固定相具有均匀的孔结构,动态容量测定及分离蛋白质的实验,表明所制备的径向流动模式整体柱的容量及分辨率不依赖于流速,同时在高流速下具有低背压的特征,可用于生物大分子的分离制备。     

卤代烷反应中取代和消去竞争的教学设计

在卤代烷的取代和消去反应中,进攻试剂均为带负电的实体或多电子基团,因此取代和消去的竞争是卤代烷教学内容的重点和难点。本文介绍我们对这部分教学内容的组织和设计,使学生更好地理解反应底物、进攻试剂和反应条件对优势反应及产物的影响。该教学设计对培养学生的分析能力、思考能力和灵活应用知识的能力具有重要作用。     

脱氢氨基酸的合成及其在药物研发中的应用

传统多肽所具有的容易被酶解、细胞膜通透性差以及构象容易发生变化等缺点,限制了它作为药物在疾病治疗领域的应用。将脱氢氨基酸引入多肽,对其进行构象限制,能够有效改善它的代谢稳定性和生物利用度。本文主要综述了α,β-脱氢-α-氨基酸、β,γ-脱氢-α-氨基酸、α-脱氢-β-氨基酸、α,β-脱氢-β-氨基酸四种脱氢氨基酸的合成方法以及近几年来在药物设计中的应用,希望为相关的研究提供参考。     

Molecular transfer of surfactant bilayers: widening the range of substrates

Handling nanometer-thick films and nano-objects remains a challenge. Applying self-assembly properties of surfactants to nanomaterials manipulation may be the key to the fast, easy, cost-effective growth of 2D and 3D nanostructures. Newton black films (NBFs) are self-assembled bilayers of surfactant, well-organized, but fragile objects. To render such films amenable to practical applications, it is necessary to find ways to transfer them onto solid substrates. A method developed recently to transfer NBFs onto a solid substrate while preserving their molecular organization (Benattar, J.-J.; Nedyalkov, M.; Lee, F. K.; Tsui, O. K. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 4186) is broadened here to different surfaces. The method requires hydrophobic, planar, atomically smooth surfaces. This study presents the adhesion of a fluorinated NBF surfactant onto hydrophobically treated silica and silicon surfaces (with etching or silanization). The structures of the free-standing film, bare substrates, and transferred films are investigated using X-ray reflectivity. The homogeneity of the surfaces before and after bilayer deposition is examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Multiple transfers are tested and described for the future development of more complex architectures involving many surfactant layers and inserted nanosized objects.     

Protein structure and dynamics studied by mass spectrometry: H/D exchange, hydroxyl radical labeling, and related approaches

Mass spectrometry (MS) plays a central role in studies on protein structure and dynamics. This review highlights some of the recent developments in this area, with focus on applications involving the use of electrospray ionization (ESI) MS. Although this technique involves the transformation of analytes into highly nonphysiological species (desolvated gas-phase ions in the vacuum), ESI-MS can provide detailed insights into the solution-phase behavior of proteins. Notably, the ionization process itself occurs in a structurally sensitive manner. An increased degree of solution-phase unfolding is correlated with a higher level of protonation. Also, ESI allows the transfer of intact noncovalent complexes into the gas phase, thereby yielding information on binding partners, stoichiometries, and even affinities. A particular focus of this article is the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) methods and hydroxyl radical (.OH) labeling for monitoring dynamic and structural aspect of solution-phase proteins. Conceptual similarities and differences between the two methods are discussed. We describe a simple method for the computational simulation of protein HDX patterns, a tool that can be helpful for the interpretation of isotope exchange data recorded under mixed EX1/EX2 conditions. Important aspects of .OH labeling include a striking dependence on protein concentration, and the tendency of commonly used solvent additives to act as highly effective radical scavengers. If not properly controlled, both of these factors may lead to experimental artifacts.