Imprinting modulates processing of visual information in the visual wulst of chicks

Background  

Imprinting behavior is one form of learning and memory in precocial birds. With the aim of elucidating of the neural basis for visual imprinting, we focused on visual information processing.     

Asymptotics of solutions to the generalized Ostrovsky equation

We consider the Cauchy problem for the generalized Ostrovsky equation

_utx=u+_(f(u))xx,$u_{tx}=u+{(f(u))}_{xx},$

where f(u)=|u|^ρ−1u$f(u)={|u|}^{\rho -1}u$ if ρ   is not an integer and f(u)=u^ρ$f(u)=u^{\rho }$ if ρ   is an integer. We obtain the L^∞${\mathbf{L}}^{\infty }$ time decay estimates and the large time asymptotics of small solutions under suitable conditions on the initial data and the order of the nonlinearity.     

Electrical conductivity, DSC, XRD, and 7Li NMR studies of rotator crystals n-C21H43COOLi x K(1 − x) (0.33 ≤ x ≤ 0.50), n-C m H(2m + 1)COOLi, and n-C m H(2m + 1)COOK (m = 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, electrical conductivity (σ), and ⁷Li NMR spectroscopy characterization of n-C _m H_(2m?+?1)COOM solids (M = Li, Na, K; m?=?13, 15, 17, 19, 21) and mixed crystals n-C₂₁H₄₃COOLi _x K_(1???x) (0.25?≤?x?≤?0.75) was performed as a function of temperature. DSC thermograms of n-C _m H_(2m?+?1)COOM revealed several solid-solid phase transitions with large entropy changes. Electrical conductivity studies established that n-C _m H_(2m?+?1)COOLi crystals are poor electrical conductors. In contrast, n-C _m H_(2m?+?1)COOK salts were found to have σ values of 10^???7–10^???8 S·cm^???1. Since the crystal structures and phase-transition temperatures of both n-C _m H_(2m?+?1)COOLi and n-C _m H_(2m?+?1)COOK crystals were similar, they were able to form mixed crystals with the structure n-C _x H_(2m?+?1)COOLi _x K_(1???x). DSC thermograms of the mixed crystals showed a small entropy change at the melting point (ΔS _mp?<?13 J K^???1 mol^???1), in addition, large ΔS values at the solid-solid phase transition temperature. The σ values obtained for mixed crystals were roughly one order of magnitude greater than those determined for n-C₂₁H₄₃COOK crystals. ⁷Li NMR spectra of the mixed crystals recorded at various temperatures suggested that the self-diffusion of Li^?+? ions was excited in the highest-temperature solid phase. Based on these results, we have classified these mixed crystals as rotator crystals.     

The number of homomorphisms from a finite abelian group to a symmetric group

ABSTRACT

We present an algorithm to construct the automorphism group of a finite p-group. The method works down the lower exponent-p central series of the group. The central difficulty in each inductive step is a stabiliser computation; we introduce various approaches designed to simplify this computation.     

On Default Priors for Robust Bayesian Estimation with Divergences

This paper presents objective priors for robust Bayesian estimation against outliers based on divergences. The minimum γ-divergence estimator is well-known to work well in estimation against heavy contamination. The robust Bayesian methods by using quasi-posterior distributions based on divergences have been also proposed in recent years. In the objective Bayesian framework, the selection of default prior distributions under such quasi-posterior distributions is an important problem. In this study, we provide some properties of reference and moment matching priors under the quasi-posterior distribution based on the γ-divergence. In particular, we show that the proposed priors are approximately robust under the condition on the contamination distribution without assuming any conditions on the contamination ratio. Some simulation studies are also presented.