Synthesis of the new mannosidase inhibitors, diversity-oriented 5-substituted swainsonine analogues, via stereoselective Mannich reaction

5alpha-substituted swainsonine analogues were synthesized by Mannich reaction of an in situ generated (-)-swainsonine iminium ion intermediate. 5alpha-substituted swainsonine analogues were epimerized to their 5beta-isomers in protic solvent. [reaction: see text]     

An efficient stereoselective synthesis of difluoromethylated alkenes in a microreactor

Synthetic utility of microreactors and highly stereoselective isomerization (>99:<1) of terminal difluoromethylated alkenes to (E)-difluoromethylated alkenes with TBAF in DMF, are described.     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine or dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2‐d]imidazole‐containing conjugated polymers

Novel conjugated polymers composed of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine or dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2‐d]imidazole units are synthesized by Stille polycondensation. The resulting polymers display a longer wavelength absorption and well‐defined redox activities. The effective intramolecular charge‐transfer and energy levels of all polymers are elucidated by computational calculations. Bulk‐heterojunction solar cells based on these polymers as p‐type semiconductors and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) as an n‐type semiconductor are fabricated, and their photovoltaic performances are for the first time evaluated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1067–1075     

Preparation of Optically Pure p-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoro)ethyl]benzoic Acid

The preparation of optically pure p-[(1-hydroxy 2,2,2-trifluoro)ethyl]benzoic acid via the enzymatic resolution is described.     

Enzymic Optical Resolution of α,α-Difluoro-β-Hydroxyketones

Kinetic resolution of various α,α-difluoro-β-hydroxyketones was conducted by enantioselective hydrolysis of the corresponding acetates with lipase MY to afford optically active products. Both enantiomers of 3,3-difluoro-2-hydroxy-4-decanone were obtained in a highly enantioselective manner by screening enzymes and acyl groups.     

Influence of Alkoxy Chain Length on the Properties of Two-Dimensionally Expanded Azulene-Core-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

A series of two-dimensionally expanded azulene-core-based π systems have been synthesized with different alkyl chain lengths in the alkoxy moieties connected to the partially oxygen-bridged triarylamine skeletons. The thermal, photophysical, and electronic properties of each compound were evaluated to determine the influence of the alkyl chain length on their effectiveness as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All the synthesized molecules showed promising material properties, including high solubility, the formation of flat and amorphous films, and optimal alignment of energy levels with perovskites. In particular, the derivatives with methyl and n-butyl in the side chains retained amorphous stability up to 233 and 159 °C, respectively. Such short alkoxy chains also resulted in improved electrical device properties. The PSC device fabricated with the HTM with n-butyl side chains showed the best performance with a power conversion efficiency of 18.9 %, which compares favorably with that of spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs (spiro-OMeTAD=2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene).