Attractors for autonomous double‐diffusive convection systems based on Brinkman–Forchheimer equations

In this paper, we consider the existence of global attractor and exponential attractor for some dynamical system generated by nonlinear parabolic equations in bounded domains with the dimension N≤4 which describe double‐diffusive convection phenomena in a porous medium. We deal with both of homogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary condition cases. Especially, when Neumann condition is imposed, we need some assumptions and restrictions for the external forces and the average of initial data, since the mass conservation law holds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of cyclooctyne with pyridinium dicynomethylides

Cyclooctyne smoothly underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with pyridinium dicyanomethylides to afford the corresponding indolizines (8-cyario-7-azatricyclo[7.6.0.0^2,7]pentadeca-1,3,5,8-tetraenes) in excellent yields.     

Liquid Crystal Television

The application of liquid crystal to display devices was first proposed by Heilmeier et al. in 1968, and a liquid crystal television (LC-TV) addressed by electron beam was made as a trial in the same year. Since then, it has taken about 15 years for practical LC-TVs to be developed. Full-color, higher resolution and greater pixel number have been attained, and presently, at least for small size LC-TVs, image quality has become very close to that of CRTs.     

Intricate Recognition of Glycolipid-Like Compounds by HIV-1 Envelope Proteins Evaluated with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging

Fusion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the cell membrane occurs by the specific binding of an envelope protein of HIV-1 (gp120 and gp160) and a glycosphingolipid of the cell membrane. In this study, quantitative and array-based affinity evaluation of gp120 and gp160 was performed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the SPR imaging technique using a substrate immobilized with glycolipid-like compounds (Gb3, GM3, and Lac). Quantitative affinity evaluation showed that gp160 specifically bound to Gb3 and Lac compared with GM3, whereas gp120 showed lower binding affinity and specificity. Array-based evaluation showed that gp160 binds to Gb3 more favorably than Lac and GM3.     

Information Criteria for Small Diffusions via the Theory of Malliavin–Watanabe

Information criteria based on the expected Kullback–Leibler information are presented by means of the asymptotic expansions derived with the Malliavin calculus. We consider the evaluation problem of statistical models for diffusion processes with small noise. The correction terms are essentially different from the ones for ergodic diffusion models presented in Uchida and Yoshida [34, 35].     

Photosensitive fluorinated polyimides with a low dielectric constant based on reaction development patterning

The fluorinated polyimide PI(6FDA/HFBAPP) was prepared by the reaction of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (HFBAPP) in 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/toluene. A multiblock copolyimide with both fluorinated and rigid‐rod segments, PI(6FDA/HFBAPP)(BPDA/2‐DMB), was prepared by the addition of a second dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), and a second diamine, 2,2′‐dimethylbenzidine (2‐DMB), to the polyimide main chain. The potential lithographic performance of photosensitive polyimides composed of nonphotosensitive fluorine‐containing polyimides and photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) was studied on the basis of a new imaging principle recently proposed by our laboratory, that is, reaction development patterning. Neat PI(6FDA/HFBAPP) showed a low dielectric constant (?) of 2.41 and a low dissipation factor (tan δ) of 0.0027 at 20 GHz, and a 10‐μm resolution of the fluorinated polyimide/DNQ system was demonstrated with reactive development with a solution including ethanolamine after ultraviolet exposure. Although slight changes in the dielectric properties were observed in the presence of DNQ residues, these values (? = 2.63 and tan δ = 0.0033 at 20 GHz) were low enough for use in microelectronic applications. However, PI(6FDA/HFBAPP)(BPDA/2‐DMB), having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE; 33 ppm/°C) than PI(6FDA/HFBAPP) (49 ppm/°C), exhibited good positive photosensitivity, whereas the relatively low‐CTE multiblock copolyimide displayed a much higher ? value (3.48 at 1 MHz) than the highly fluorinated polyimide (2.88 at 1 MHz). A film consisting of PI(6FDA/HFBAPP)(BPDA/2‐DMB) and the remaining DNQ derivatives showed a CTE value comparable to that of the neat polyimide film. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 861–871, 2003