全文获取类型
收费全文 | 622篇 |
免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 548篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
数学 | 6篇 |
物理学 | 87篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 51篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Yanagisawa S Sudo T Noyori R Itami K 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2006,128(36):11748-11749
A new method for the catalytic C-H arylation of heteroarenes and arenes that manifests high activity paired with reasonably broad scope was developed. Under the catalytic influence of RhCl(CO){P[OCH(CF3)2]3}2 and Ag2CO3, the direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes/arenes with aryl/heteroaryl iodides took place to afford a range of biaryls in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. Thiophenes, furans, pyrroles, indoles, and alkoxybenzenes are applicable in this arylation protocol. 相似文献
82.
We study the far-field characteristics of oval-resonator laser diodes made of an GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As quantum well. The resonator shapes are various oval geometries, thereby probing chaotic and mixed classical dynamics. The far-field pattern shows a pronounced fine structure that strongly depends on the cavity shape. Comparing the experimental data with ray-model simulations for a Fresnel billiard yields convincing agreement for all geometries and reveals the importance of the underlying classical phase space for the lasing characteristics. 相似文献
83.
M. Matoba M. Hyakutake S. Nakamura T. Katayama T. Tonai K. Yagi K. Sato Y. Aoki 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1973,44(2):159-160
In the (p,p′) reaction on 130Te, strong excitation of the second 3? state was found at 3.36±0.01 MeV excitation energy. No strong second 3? state was observed in the (p,p′) reaction on 126Te. 相似文献
84.
Midori Yasuda Tamiyoshi Sonda Tomoko Hiraoka Aki Horita Masaaki Tabata 《Analytical sciences》2003,19(12):1637-1641
The retention behavior and mechanism of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, buthyl and isobuthyl benzoates have been studied at different eluent compositions of aqueous mixtures with water-soluble organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile (AN), 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF)) in RPLC. The retention of the solutes is discussed based on the solvent composition, solvent polarity (ETN value), preferential solvation, hydrogen bonding and solvent clusters of the eluents. The smaller ETN values and the larger preferential solvation of the mixed solvent eluted the solutes faster. The IR spectra of HDO suggested that the solvents, except for methanol and ethanol, break the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, resulting in fast elution of the solutes. Based upon the results, we chose an optimum solvent composition for the separation of benzoates and applied it to the determination of the benzoates in clove. 相似文献
85.
Low coherence multiple-quantum well edge-emitting light-emitting diodes were obtained using selective-area metalorganic vapor-phase
epitaxial growth, which utilized growth rate enhancement on an open stripe region between mask stripes. An optical absorption
region, which was controlled by selective-area growth, was introduced to suppress optical feedback. At a driving current of
100 mA and an ambient temperature of 25°C, a power of 55 μW was coupled into a single-mode fiber, and a broad spectrum without
spectral ripple was observed. Low coherence characteristics and very small temperature dependence were obtained in the temperature
range from -40°C to 85°C. The modulation bandwidth was 210 MHz at a bias current of 100 mA. 相似文献
86.
Tomoko Kemmei Shuji Kodama Atsushi Yamamoto Yoshinori Inoue Kazuichi Hayakawa 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
We describe a simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of organic acids using on-line complexation with copper(II) ion. Organic acids complexed with copper(II) ion were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column and detected by UV absorption at 240 nm. The copper(II) ion concentration in the mobile phase had a great influence on separation and sensitivity. A mobile phase consisting of 10 mM copper(II) sulfate in 5 mM sulfuric acid (pH 2.3) was used to separate nine organic acids (tartaric, malic, malonic, lactic, acetic, citric, maleic, succinic and fumaric acids). The detection limits of the examined organic acids calculated at S/N = 3 ranged from 0.6 to 100 μM. The detector signal was linear over three orders of magnitude of organic acid concentration. The method successfully measured organic acids in juice and vinegar samples. 相似文献
87.
A redox species was extracted from water (50 x 10(-6) dm3) into a single micro-oil-droplet (30 x 10(-12) dm3) in contact with a microelectrode using microcapillary injection and manipulation techniques. Further, an in situ microanalysis of the solute in a single oil droplet was demonstrated by differential pulse voltammetry. The redox species of 10(-16) mol concentrated in the droplet could be quantitatively analyzed independently of the distribution coefficient of the solute between the oil and water phases. The potential of this technique was considered in terms of the preconcentration and separation as well as a microanalysis and an ultratrace analysis. 相似文献
88.
Tomohisa Yamashita Shuji Kodama Mikiya Ohto Eriko Nakayama Sumiyo Hasegawa Nobutaka Takayanagi Tomoko Kemmei Akira Yamaguchi Norio Teramae Yukio Saito 《Analytical sciences》2006,22(12):1495-1500
The permeation fluxes of phenol, benzene sulfonate (BS) and benzene disulfonate (BDS) through a porous anodic alumina membrane with the perpendicularly oriented silica-surfactant nanochannel assembly membrane (NAM) were measured in water-ethanol mixture media. The permeation flux depended on solute charges and on solvent composition. As the ethanol ratio increased, the fluxes of BS and BDS increased and the flux of phenol decreased. The results of extraction/elution experiments also depended on the solute charges and the solvent composition. Chromatographic experiments in n-hexane showed that dipole and hydrophobic interactions affect the retention of solutes. Permeation of the solute across the NAM in water-ethanol mixture is likely to be determined by various factors such as dipole interaction, hydrophobic interaction, solvation, and anion-exchange efficiencies. 相似文献
89.
A complete list of Finsler, Scott and Boffa sets whose transitive closures contain 1, 2 and 3 elements is given. An algorithm for deciding the identity of hereditarily finite Scott sets is presented. Anti‐well‐founded (awf) sets, i. e., non‐well‐founded sets whose all maximal ∈‐paths are circular, are studied. For example they form transitive inner models of ZFC minus foundation and empty set, and they include uncountably many hereditarily finite awf sets. A complete list of Finsler and Boffa awf sets with 2 and 3 elements in their transitive closure is given. Next the existence of infinite descending ∈‐sequences in Aczel universes is shown. Finally a theorem of Ballard and Hrbá?ek concerning nonstandard Boffa universes of sets is considerably extended. 相似文献
90.
A urinary glucose assay has been investigated, employing a micro flow injection analysis (microFIA) combined with a separation technique of glucose from the analyte. The adsorption part using activated alumina for the glucose in the analyte can be successively integrated onto a microFI chip. The selective adsorption-desorption of glucose in the artificial urine can progress on the adsorption part. Along with this selective preconcentration of glucose, the typical FI peak of glucose can be obtained just by feeding the sample and deionized water as an elutant sandwiched with the reagent on the carrier stream. The glucose concentration in artificial urine can be quantitatively determined with the present microFIA system, while the interference of other components coexisting in urine occurs in the case of the conventional FIA system without any separation part. The described method serves as a template for improving the selectivity for the analyte in the multi-component system. 相似文献