Synthesis of 4,5-dihydroxyphthalonitrile

4,5-Dihydroxyphthalonitrile was synthesized from pyrocatechol in a simple way. The compound obtained is a convenient starting reagent for the preparation of 4,5-dialkoxyphthalonitriles.     

Catalytic Oxidation of Triphenylphosphine with Nitrogen(I) Oxide in the Presence of Tetrakis(tert-butyl)phthalocyanine Complexes

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Selective synthesis of triple-decker cyclohexylmethoxy-substituted europium phthalocyanine

Selective synthesis of substituded europium triphthalocyanine on the base of dilithium 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(cyclohexylmethoxy)phthalocyanine was performed. The structure of the complex obtained was characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and UV-visible spectroscopy.     

Frequency dependences of the imaginary and real parts of the permittivity of organic semiconductors based on butyl-substituted erbium monophthalocyanine molecules

The frequency dependences of the imaginary and real parts of the permittivity of organic semiconductors based on butyl-substituted erbium monophthalocyanine have been obtained. The static permittivity and damping factor, which characterizes the relaxation processes in the ensemble of phthalocyanine complexes, have been determined by fitting these dependences in the dipole approximation.     

Hexadecabenzyloxy(diphthalocyanines) of rare-earth elements: synthesis and spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristics

Reactions of 4,5-dibenzyloxyphthalonitrile with salts of rare-earth elements afforded symmetrical lutetium, dysprosium, samarium, and neodymium complexes with hexadecabenzyloxy(diphthalocyanine), which are well soluble in organic solvents. The spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristics of the complexes obtained were studied. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2031–2035, September, 2005.     

Anodic Polymerization of Aluminum Tetraaminophthalocyanine and Electrocatalysis of This Process by Polymer Perfluorinated Cation Exchanger MF4-SK

Anodic polymerization of aluminum tetraaminophthalocyanine chloride on conducting glasses in dimethyl formamide containing Bu₄NBF₄and the effect of cation exchanger MF4-SK on this process are studied. The polymer accumulation, monitored from optical absorption spectra, shows that introducing MF4-SK into solution or depositing it as a solid layer on the electrode accelerates the polymerization by a factor of four to six.     

Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of rare-earth metal diphthalocyanine complexes

The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of several new rare-earth metal diphthalocyanine complexes with different substituents containing both electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents in the phthalocyanine rings were studied. The influence of structural modification of the phthalocyanine complexes (viz., the nature of the central metal atom and substituents in the phthalocyanine rings and the number of phthalocyanine rings in the complexes) on the total number of redox transitions, their potentials, and spectral characteristics of anionic and cationic forms of the complexes was examined. The potentials of the first anodic and cathodic redox transitions of the diphthalocyanine complexes are in a good linear correlation with the ionic radii of lanthanides. The potentials of the observed redox transitions of the complexes under study correlate well with the sums of Hammett constants for the substituents and the minimum molecular electrostatic potential of the benzene rings in the phthalocyanine moiety, which serves as a measure of electron perturbations introduced by the substituents. The revealed regularities allow the prediction of the redox properties and structure of rare-earth element diphthalocyanine complexes, which are redox-active in a specified potential range.     

Comparison of the Results of Atomic Absorption and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Metals in Atmospheric Aerosols

Factors responsible for the systematic discrepancies between the results of atomic absorption (standard procedure) and X-ray fluorescence determination of metals in atmospheric aerosols preconcentrated on a filter were studied. Patterns describing the errors in the results of determining Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cr by the proposed procedures depending on the type of the metal compound and the concentration of SiO₂ in aerosol particles were found. It was shown that the underestimation of the results of atomic absorption analysis in comparison to those obtained by X-ray fluorescence is due to the incomplete decomposition of some analyte compounds and the adsorption of Fe, Cu, and Pb on the precipitated SiO₂.