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101.
One investigates a generalization of difference calculus and applies it to solve the functional equations of second order.
Presented at the 11th Colloquium “Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems”, Prague, 20–22 June 2002.
This work is supported in part by KBN grant 2 PO3 A 012 19. 相似文献
102.
103.
Wesołowski TA 《Physical review letters》2002,88(20):209701; author reply 209702
104.
Kaczmarek T 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(5):3149-3156
In this study we investigate the perception of the velocity of linearly moving sound sources passing in front of a listener. The binaural simulation of motion used in two psychoacoustical experiments includes changes in the overall sound pressure level, the Doppler effect, and changes in interaural time differences. These changes are considered as cues for the perception of velocity. The present experiments are an extension of the experiments performed by Lutfi and Wang [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 919-928 (1999)]. The results of Experiment I show that the differential velocity threshold is independent of the reference velocity (10, 20, 30, and 40 m/s), varying across listeners from 1.5 to 4.6 m/s. In Experiment II, a method based on the successive elimination of cues in compared pairs of signals was employed to estimate the weights of potential cues for velocity discrimination. The magnitudes of all underlying cues at thresholds are reported. The experimental results show the subject's preference for the Doppler cue and a weakest sensitivity to the cue related with interaural time differences. Finally, it was found that spatial differences in the source location at the endpoints of the motion trajectory are not a significant factor in the velocity discrimination task. 相似文献
105.
106.
In this paper we rigorously establish the existence of the mobility coefficient for a tagged particle in a simple symmetric exclusion process with adsorption/desorption of particles, in a presence of an external force field interacting with the particle. The proof is obtained using a perturbative argument. In addition, we show that, for a constant external field, the mobility of a particle equals to the self-diffusivity coefficient, the so-called Einstein relation. The method can be applied to any system where the environment has a Markovian evolution with a fast convergence to equilibrium (spectral gap property). In this context we find a necessary relation between forward and backward velocity for the validity of the Einstein relation. This relation is always satisfied by reversible systems. We provide an example of a non-reversible system, where the Einstein relation is valid.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the page numbers. 相似文献
107.
108.
Let X be a Polish space and P a Markov operator acting on the space of Borel measures on X. We will prove the existence of an invariant measure with respect to P, provided that P satisfies some condition of a Prokhorov type and that the family of functions is equi-continuous with respect to the Prokhorov distance at some point of the space X. Moreover, we will construct a counterexample which show that the above equi-continuity condition cannot be dropped. 相似文献
109.
Weglarz WP Tanasiewicz M Kupka T Skórka T Sułek Z Jasiński A 《Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance》2004,25(1-3):84-87
A 3D spin-echo (3D SE) pulse sequence was used on a 4.7 T research MRI system to produce images of extracted human first molar tooth placed in CuSO4 water solution. The maximal resolution achieved was 35 x 63 x 300 microm3 in read and two phase directions, respectively. The high-intensity signal from water in solution together with the lack of signal from mineralized tooth tissue produce very good contrast allowing to visualize topography of outer and inner surfaces of the tooth. The 3D MR data were median filtered, binarized and then divided into separate segments corresponding to the inner tooth cavities and the hard tooth tissue. The topography of the root canals was visualized and the canals volume was calculated. The presented technique may be used for quantitative analysis of the root canal cavities shape and volume. The results of such an analysis may be applied for estimation of the quality of the impressional mapping methods in restorative dentistry or as an alternative non-impressional 3D mapping method. 相似文献
110.