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21.
Calls arrive at a switch, where they are assigned to any one of the available idle outgoing links. A call is blocked if all the links are busy. A call assigned to an idle link may be immediately lost with a probability which depends on the link. For exponential holding times and an arbitrary arrival process we show that the conditional distribution of the time to reach the blocked state from any state, given the sequence of arrivals, is independent of the policy used to route the calls. Thus the law of overflow traffic is independent of the assignment policy. An explicit formula for the stationary probability that an arriving call sees the node blocked is given for Poisson arrivals. We also give a simple asymptotic formula in this case.Work on this paper was done while the author was at Bellcore and at Berkeley. 相似文献
22.
The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the ‘design-of-experiments’ techniques which are successful in physical experiments could also be adapted to a numerical simulation code. As an example this technique is applied to a general finite difference code used for predicting three-dimensional turbulent recirculating flows. Here the equations for velocities and continuity are solved using the algorithm called SIMPLE, which stands for semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations. Physical modelling of turbulence is taken care of by means of kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations. The objective is to optimize the underrelaxation factors of primary and secondary flow variables so that the number of iterations required for convergence is minimum. This is done by the orthogonal array technique (a particular type of design-of-experiment technique). The geometry considered for this purpose is that of a simple gas turbine can combustor and the study is restricted to the isothermal non-reacting condition. Tests are carried out on three different grid configurations. In each case the underrelaxation factor for velocities contributed most to speed up the rate of convergence. Also, for each grid configuration the underrelaxation factor settings for minimum iterations for convergence was found to be same. Hence it is proposed that when doing grid independence tests for any similar flow situation, all the underrelaxation factors could be optimized on coarse grids. 相似文献
23.
In this work controlled phase shift gates are implemented on a qaudrupolar system, by using non-adiabatic geometric phases. A general procedure is given, for implementing controlled phase shift gates in an ‘N’ level system. The utility of such controlled phase shift gates, is demonstrated here by implementing 3-qubit Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on a spin-7/2 quadrupolar nucleus oriented in a liquid crystal matrix. 相似文献
24.
Hong KH Siddiqui A Moses J Gopinath J Hybl J Ilday FO Fan TY Kärtner FX 《Optics letters》2008,33(21):2473-2475
We generate linearly polarized, 287 W average-power, 5.5 ps pulses using a cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG amplifier at a repetition rate of 78 MHz. An optical-to-optical efficiency of 41% is obtained at 700 W pump power. A 6 W, 0.4 nm bandwidth picosecond seed source at 1029 nm wavelength is constructed using a chirped-pulse fiber amplification chain based on chirped volume Bragg gratings. The combination of a fiber amplifier system and a cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG amplifier results in good spatial beam quality at large average power. Low nonlinear phase accumulation as small as 5.1 x 10(-3) rad in the bulk Yb:YAG amplifier supports power scalability to a > 10 kW level without being affected by self-phase modulation. This amplification system is well suited for pumping high-power high-repetition-rate optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers. 相似文献
25.
X-ray study of enhydrin bromohydrin, C23H29BrO10, reveals that the crystal has space groupP212121 with cell parametersa =10.08,b = 26.97, andc = 8.94 Å. There are four molecules in the unit cell. The structure was solved by direct methods, with three-dimensional CuK diffractometer data to = 75 °, and refined by block-diagonal least squares to anR index of 11.4% for 2254 reflections. The molecule is a germacronolide sesquiterpene having acis sterochemistry at the C(1), C(10) double bond and atrans configuration at the epoxide ring, C(4)-O-C(5). The absolute configuration established on the basis of the anomalous scattering of CuK. radiation by the bromine atom shows that the asymmetric atoms have the 4R, 5R, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 20S, and 22S configurations. 相似文献
26.
R. Prakash K. Srinivasamoorthy S. Gopinath K. Saravanan F. Vinnarasi G. Ponnumani S. Chidambaram P. Anandhan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2018,317(1):25-36
Submarine groundwater discharge is the fresh groundwater discharge to sea that impacts the coastal regions. Radon (222Rn) isotope has been used to quantify SGD in coleroon river estuary, India. Continuous 222Rn analyses were attempted for 10 days in groundwater and pore water samples at three different locations. 222Rn in groundwater ranges between 35.0 and 222.0 Bq m?3 and in pore water between 14.0 and 150.0 Bq m?3 irrespective of locations. The radon mass balance estimated total SGD rate ranges between 2.37 and 7.47 m days?1. The SGD increases with distance from coast, influenced by tides and hydrological features. 相似文献
27.
M. Bhuvaneshwari H.S. Subramanya M.R.N. Murthy K. Gopinath H.S. Savithri 《Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials》1997,34(1-4):1-10
Symmetric organization of biological macromolecules is necessary for certain structural and functional requirements of living cells. The mechanisms by which biomolecules assemble unambiguously into unique structures has been a central theme of investigation in molecular biology. Simple viruses consist of a nucleic acid core which codes for the genetic information surrounded and protected by a protein coat or capsid. In a large majority of the cases, the protein coats possess exact icosahedral symmetry. Developments in experimental X-ray crystallography and computer technology has led recently to the elucidation of the architecture of several viruses. Systematic studies on the structure of the protein subunits, their location and orientation on the icosahedral capsid, and the details of interaction between subunits has provided some insights into the mechanisms of error free virus assembly. However, the structures of even the simplest viruses are sufficiently complex and do not lead to complete understanding of the pathway of assembly by an examination of the final structure. The current state of research in this fast advancing area is briefly reviewed. 相似文献
28.
M.F.M. Fathil M.K. Md Arshad A.R. Ruslinda M. Nuzaihan M.N. Subash C.B. Gopinath R. Adzhri U. Hashim 《Analytica chimica acta》2016
A real-time ability to interpret the interaction between targeted biomolecules and the surface of semiconductors (metal transducers) into readable electrical signals, without biomolecular modification involving fluorescence dyes, redox enzymes, and radioactive labels, created by label-free biosensors has been extensively researched. Field-effect transistor (FET)- and capacitor-based biosensors are among the diverse electrical charge biosensing architectures that have drawn much attention for having charge transduction; thus, enabling the early and rapid diagnosis of the appropriate cardiac biomarkers at lower concentrations. These semiconducting material-based transducers are very suitable to be integrated with portable electronic devices for future online collection, transmission, reception, analysis, and reporting. This overview elucidates and clarifies two major electrical label-free systems (FET- and capacitor-based biosensors) with cardiac troponin (cTn) biomarker-mediated charge transduction for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. Advances in these systems are highlighted by their progression in bridging the laboratory and industry; the foremost technologies have made the transition from benchtop to bedside and beyond. 相似文献
29.
Gopinath SC 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(1):171-182
SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is a process that involves the progressive purification
from a combinatorial library of nucleic acid ligands with a high affinity for a particular target by repeated rounds of partitioning
and amplification. With the development of aptamer technology over the last decade, various modified SELEX processes have
arisen that allow various aptamers to be developed against a wide variety of molecules, irrespective of the target size. In
the present review, the separation methods used in such SELEX processes are reviewed. 相似文献
30.
Hayes Paul Robert O'keefe Matthew T. Woodward Paul R. Gopinath Anand 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》1999,31(9-10):813-826
Time-domain local-operator methods have proven valuable in simulating electromagnetic phenomena from DC to light with simple and complex media. Certain limitations do exist with the time-domain local-operator methods including wall-clock simulation times and cells per wavelength requirements. This work achieves lower simulation times through code optimizations, algorithm optimizations and parallelism. This yields faster simulations times and lower cell per wavelength requirements. The improved method has been applied to a set of optical problems. 相似文献