Structure‐Based Rational Design of Prodrugs To Enable Their Combination with Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Platforms for Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy

Drug‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) are of particular interest for efficient cancer therapy due to their improved drug delivery and therapeutic index in various types of cancer. However, the encapsulation of many chemotherapeutics into delivery NPs is often hampered by their unfavorable physicochemical properties. Here, we employed a drug reform strategy to construct a small library of SN‐38 (7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin)‐derived prodrugs, in which the phenolate group was modified with a variety of hydrophobic moieties. This esterification fine‐tuned the polarity of the SN‐38 molecule and enhanced the lipophilicity of the formed prodrugs, thereby inducing their self‐assembly into biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(d,l ‐lactic acid) (PEG‐PLA) nanoparticulate structures. Our strategy combining the rational engineering of prodrugs with the pre‐eminent features of conventionally used polymeric materials should open new avenues for designing more potent drug delivery systems as a therapeutic modality.     

Solventless Formation of G‐Quartet Complexes Based on Alkali and Alkaline Earth Salts on Au(111)

Template cations have been extensively employed in the formation, stabilization and regulation of structural polymorphism of G‐quadruplex structures in vitro. However, the direct addition of salts onto solid surfaces, especially under ultra‐high‐vacuum (UHV) conditions, to explore the feasibility and universality of the formation of G‐quartet complexes in a solventless environment has not been reported. By combining UHV‐STM imaging and DFT calculations, we have shown that three different G‐quartet‐M (M: Na/K/Ca) complexes can be obtained on Au(111) using alkali and alkaline earth salts as reactants. We have also identified the driving forces (intra‐quartet hydrogen bonding and electrostatic ionic bonding) for the formation of these complexes and quantified the interactions involved. Our results demonstrate a novel route to fabricate G‐quartet‐related complexes on solid surfaces, providing an alternative feasible way to bring metal elements to surfaces for constructing metal–organic systems.     

磷酸对二氧化铈催化剂氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应的促进作用(英文)

氮氧化物NO_x(NO和NO_2)对大气的污染日益严重,主要表现为形成酸雨、导致光化学烟雾和产生温室效应等,严重危害人类健康.氨气选择性催化还原(NH_3-SCR)NO_x是目前最有效的固定源NO_x消除技术.工业中常用的催化剂主要是V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2,但其活性组分V_2O_5有毒,且存在氧化能力较强和操作温度窗口过窄等缺点.开发新型环境友好的非钒基NH_3-SCR催化剂体系己成为NO_x催化净化领域的研究热点.CeO_2在稀土市场中占有很大比重且相对廉价,同时还具有优异的氧化-还原及储氧性能,因此开发Ce基SCR脱硝催化剂具有非常好的发展前景.对于NH_3-SCR反应,催化剂必须同时具有酸性位和氧化还原中心.酸性位有利于还原剂NH_3的吸附与活化,而氧化还原中心可以促使氧化剂和还原剂之间发生反应.对于低温SCR催化剂,表面酸性适中即可,氧化还原性能起决定作用;而对于中高温SCR催化剂,不仅要提高其表面酸性以保证足够的NH_3吸附量,同时还要控制其表面氧化性不宜太强,否则在高温段NH_3氧化,N_2选择性下降,NO转化率降低.CeO_2具有一定碱性以及优异的氧化还原性能,因此在高温阶段CeO_2催化剂上易发生NH_3深度氧化,高温NH_3-SCR活性差,温度窗口窄.为了拓宽CeO_2基催化剂的温度窗口,改善其催化性能,有必要调整CeO_2的氧化还原性能和酸碱性能.过渡金属磷酸盐或焦磷酸盐具有特殊的表面酸性和氧化还原性,被广泛应用于多种催化反应.考虑到过渡金属磷酸盐或焦磷酸盐表面同时具有酸性位和氧化还原中心,因而可用于NH_3-SCR反应.最近本课题组通过水热法制备了一种环境友好的Ce-P-O催化剂,该催化剂在较宽的温度范围(300-550℃)内表现出较高的催化NO转化能力,同时具有较强的抗碱和耐硫能力,显示出很好的应用前景.此外,硫酸盐和镍盐修饰能有效改善铈锆固溶体催化剂的NH_3-SCR性能:镍修饰增强了铈锆固溶体的Lewis酸性,有利于提高催化剂的低温活性,而硫酸盐改性提高了催化剂的Bronsted酸性,因此有利于催化剂高温下吸附NH_3,抑制了NH_3的过度氧化.另外,磷酸盐修饰能提高铈锆固溶体催化剂NH_3-SCR反应活性.然而,有关催化剂结构系统表征鲜见报道,催化剂的构效关系阐述不够详细.本文采用浸渍法将不同量的H_3PO_4负载于CeO_2上制备了H_3PO_4修饰的CeO_2催化剂,发现H_3PO_4修饰能显著改善CeO_2催化剂的NH_3-SCR性能.本文对催化剂结构进行了系统表征,详细探讨了H_3PO_4促进作用的原因.NH_3-SCR活性测试显示,H_3PO_4修饰后,催化剂活性显著提高,部分抑制了高温时CeO_2催化剂上NH_3的直接氧化,提高了SCR反应的选择性,从而拓宽了温度窗口.X射线衍射、红外光谱和拉曼光谱表征结果发现,随着H_3PO_4负载量增加,样品中CeO_2相逐渐减少,而新相如CeP_2O_7和Ce(PO_3)_4等逐渐增多,多磷酸根阴离子可能是表面酸性增强的关键因素.NH_3程序升温脱附和吸附吡啶红外光谱结果表明,随着H_3PO_4修饰量的增加,样品的酸强度逐渐增大,Lewis酸性逐渐减弱至消失,而Bronsted酸性逐渐增强.增强的Bronsted酸性可能归因于H_3PO_4修饰后样品表面不断增加的P-OH基团.相对于Lewis酸,Bronsted酸性位氧化能力更弱,可以抑制高温下NH_2(ads)继续脱氢,避免了NH_3深度氧化.程序升温还原测试结果表明,H_3PO_4修饰后,各还原峰向高温偏移,偏移量随H_3PO_4负载量增加而增加.这说明H_3PO_4修饰后CeO_2的氧化还原能力降低,抑制了高温下NH_3的过度氧化.因此,H_3PO_4的修饰使得CeO_2催化剂高温NH_3-SCR活性和N_2选择性大幅提高.综上所述,H_3PO_4-CeO_2样品优异的脱硝催化活性可能归因于H_3PO_4修饰后催化剂酸性,尤其是Bronsted酸性的增强以及氧化还原性的降低.     

Compounds with inhibitory activity on peristalsis from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica

Eight compounds were isolated from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.ex A.DC. On the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, holarrhenanan (1) was identified as a new compound, compounds 2–3 were isolated from H. antidysenterica for the first time, and five known compounds were also obtained. Inhibitory effects of some compounds and extracts to the intestinal peristalsis were evaluated. Results showed that the extracts and compounds 4, 6 exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects with tension inhibition rate of 32.77, 32.77% and amplitude inhibition rate of 59.51, 55.98%, respectively on the vitro rabbit intestinal peristalsis.     

Pt/MOx(M=Ni,Fe,Co,Ce)催化剂上CO氧化反应中抗H2O与CO2的性能研究

我们研究了4种负载型Pt催化剂（1Pt/NiO、1Pt/FeO_x、1Pt/Co₃O₄和Pt/CeO₂）上不同反应条件下CO氧化活性及抗H₂O和CO₂性能.发现反应气氛中CO₂的加入与CO形成了竞争吸附,并在催化剂表面形成了碳酸盐物种堵塞了活性位,从而导致催化剂失活.反应气氛中H₂O的加入对1Pt/CeO₂催化剂的活性有所抑制,但对1Pt/FeO_x、1Pt/NiO和1Pt/Co₃O₄催化剂的活性却有促进作用.在1Pt/FeO_x和1Pt/CeO₂催化剂上的分步反应实验和动力学研究表明,尽管H₂O的加入在两种催化剂上均与CO形成了竞争吸附,但在1Pt/FeO_x催化剂上H₂O在载体表面解离形成的羟基更易与CO反应,开辟了新的反应途径,从而提高了反应性能.此外,H₂O的加入能有效分解该催化剂上的碳酸盐物种,从而保持了其稳定性.     

钙钛矿材料组分调控策略及其光电器件性能研究进展

近年来，钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率取得了爆发式增长，这与电池中钙钛矿薄膜的制备工艺和材料组分密切相关.关于钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法，相关的研究报道及综述较多，然而钙钛矿材料组分调控方面的研究梳理工作相对缺乏.本综述总结了近年来不同组分体系钙钛矿材料的研究进展，包括有机无机铅卤钙钛矿、全无机铅卤钙钛矿、少铅钙钛矿以及无铅钙钛矿.重点介绍了不同体系中具有代表性的材料组分及其对器件性能的影响，旨在梳理通过组分调控提高钙钛矿电池的效率及稳定性的研究思路，最终实现商业化应用.     

Interface Engineering in Two‐Dimensional Heterostructures: Towards an Advanced Catalyst for Ullmann Couplings

The design of advanced catalysts for organic reactions is of profound significance. During such processes, electrophilicity and nucleophilicity play vital roles in the activation of chemical bonds and ultimately speed up organic reactions. Herein, we demonstrate a new way to regulate the electro‐ and nucleophilicity of catalysts for organic transformations. Interface engineering in two‐dimensional heteronanostructures triggered electron transfer across the interface. The catalyst was thus rendered more electropositive, which led to superior performance in Ullmann reactions. In the presence of the engineered 2D Cu₂S/MoS₂ heteronanostructure, the coupling of iodobenzene and para‐chlorophenol gave the desired product in 92 % yield under mild conditions (100 °C). Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability as well as high recyclability with a yield of 89 % after five cycles. We propose that interface engineering could be widely employed for the development of new catalysts for organic reactions.     

Hydrogen Treatment for Superparamagnetic VO2 Nanowires with Large Room‐Temperature Magnetoresistance

One‐dimensional (1D) transition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures are actively pursued in spintronic devices owing to their nontrivial d electron magnetism and confined electron transport pathways. However, for TMOs, the realization of 1D structures with long‐range magnetic order to achieve a sensitive magnetoelectric response near room temperature has been a longstanding challenge. Herein, we exploit a chemical hydric effect to regulate the spin structure of 1D V–V atomic chains in monoclinic VO₂ nanowires. Hydrogen treatment introduced V³⁺ (3d²) ions into the 1D zigzag V–V chains, triggering the formation of ferromagnetically coupled V³⁺–V⁴⁺ dimers to produce 1D superparamagnetic chains and achieve large room‐temperature negative magnetoresistance (?23.9 %, 300 K, 0.5 T). This approach offers new opportunities to regulate the spin structure of 1D nanostructures to control the intrinsic magnetoelectric properties of spintronic materials.     

以T型三羧酸配体构筑的具有2D→3D穿插结构的金属有机框架的合成、结构及性质

采用溶剂热合成法,利用T型三羧酸配体3,4',5-联苯三羧酸(H₃BPT=biphenyl-3,4',5-tricarboxylicacid)制备并表征了2个2D→3D穿插结构的金属有机框架结构,{[Ni₃(BPT)₂(bpe)₂(H₂O)₆]·2DMF·7H₂O}_n(1)和{[Ni₃(BPT)₂(bpea)₂(H₂O)₆]·2DMF·5H₂O}_n(2)(bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene,bpea=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)。在这2个化合物中,BPT配体和含氮配体bpe或bpea共同连接相邻的Ni(Ⅱ)中心,形成(3,4)-连接的(63)(65.8)二维双层结构。相邻双层结构间相互穿插,形成具有聚轮烷结构的2D→3D互锁结构。气体吸附性质表明,化合物1对CO₂和N₂具有一定的吸附能力。     

A New Nickel(Ⅱ) Coordination Compound Constructed by Pyridyl-triazole and Oxybis(Benzoic Acid): Synthesis,Crystal Structure and the Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

A new energetic complex, Ni(3,4'-Hbpt)2(Hoba)2(H2O)2(3,4'-Hbpt = 3-(3-pyridyl)-5-(4'-pyridyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole and H2 oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid)), has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 10.2357(9), b = 24.594(2), c = 10.4225(9) A, β = 114.0110(10)°, V = 2396.7(4) A3, Dc =1.460 g/cm3, μ = 0.482 mm-1, Mr = 1053.63, F(000) = 1088, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0358 and wR =0.0973 with I 2σ(I). Both 3,4'-Hbpt and H2 oba ligands adopt monodentate modes linking one Ni(II)ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 3D supramolecular architecture with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of the efficacy of ammonium perchlorate(AP) is explored by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),which indicates that the complex is a good candidate for a promoter of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.