Zur Entwicklung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit während des Sputterns

Zusammenfassung Die zeitliche Entwicklung der Mikrorauhigkeit einer Oberfläche während des Sputterns wurde für verschiedene Größen der Oberflächendiffusionskoeffizienten untersucht. Das Modell berücksichtigt die Bedeckungsgradabhängigkeit der Diffusionsweglänge. Effekte der Korrelation zwischen Atomen beim Sputtern wurden diskutiert. Es wurde gezeigt, daß ab einem Schwellenwert des Oberflächendiffusionskoeffizienten die Tiefenauflösung nahezu konstant wird, statt mit der Quadratwurzel der Sputtertiefen anzuwachsen.

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The development of surface roughness during sputtering

Summary The time-dependence of the micro roughness of a surface during sputtering is investigated for various values of the coefficient of surface diffusionD _s using a model of a coverage dependent diffusion length. Effects of correlation between atoms within the sputtered layer are discussed. It is shown that beginning at a threshold value ofD _s the depth resolution of sputtering becomes a constant instead of being proportional to the square root of the sputter depth.

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Vorgetragen beim 10. Kolloquium über metallkundliche Analyse, Wien, 3.-5. November 1980. -Herrn Prof. Dr. Hanns Malissa zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Raman spectra of glassy aqueous LiX and CaX2 solutions (X = Cl,Br and I) in the low frequency region

Raman spectra of glassy aqueous LiX and CaX₂ solutions are obtained in the low frequency region (10–900 cm^?1). Two low frequency Raman bands are clearly observed. A qualitative discussion is given for the intensity correlation and observed frequency shifts of these bands with halide ions.     

Electrochemical investigations of amino acids at solid electrodes: Part I. Sulfur components: Cystine,cysteine, methionine

The electrochemical oxidation of sulfur amino acids has been investigated by ac measurements and cyclic voltammetry at solid electrodes (Au, vitreous carbon). Electrochemical oxidation proceeds first in the adsorbed state and second by diffusion at metal electrodes. Electrochemical oxidation is catalyzed by a labile metal oxide. At vitreous carbon electrode oxidation in the adsorbed state is only present in the case of methionine. XPS studies have shown the presence of

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as intermediate species. To explain the experimental results a reaction path is proposed.     

The extraction of HCl by TDPO in benzene

The results of the extraction of HCl by TDPO in benzene and the co-extraction of water are discussed. From the infrared spectra of normal (HCl-H₂O) and deuterated (DCl-D₂O) systems it may be concluded that TDPO·HCl·H₂O is formed in the organic phase on extraction from aqueous solutions with c_HCl≤5M, and TDPO·HCl with c_HCl>5M. Compounds such as TDPO·2HCl are found in the organic phase if there is an excess of HCl in the organic phase. From cryoscopic and viscosity measurements of the organic phase, conclusions can be made about the presence of polymeric compounds in this phase.     

Distribution de la densite des electrons de valence dans Cu2As

The distribution of valency electron density in Cu₂As (C38) has been determined by Fourier synthesis using as coefficients the values ΔF = F_obs ? F_core (F_core corresponds to the structure factors of the inner orbitals). The bonding between the pyramidal-site copper atoms and the arsenic atoms is exposed, as well as the bonding between tetrahedral-site and pyramidal-site copper atoms.The structural evolution of the unit cell from the Cu₂Sb-type (C38) to the Fe₂P-type (C22) and Co₂P-type (C23) can be related to the metal-metalloid interaction. This interaction mainly involves the pyramidal-site metal atoms in the Cu₂Sb-type, and the tetrahedral-site metal atoms in the Fe₂P- and Co₂P-types.     

Alpha and deuteron induced reactions on vanadium

The stacked foil technique was used in combination with γ-ray spectroscopy to obtain excitation functions for the production of different nuclei using natural vanadium as target and 85 MeV α-particles and 46.5 MeV deuterons as projectiles. The data are compared with theoretical predictions provided by an equilibrium and pre-equilibrium reaction model. In most cases the theoretical predictions seriously under-estimated the measured cross sections.     

Dynamic light scattering,a probe of brownian particle dynamics

The principles and techniques of dynamic light scattering (DLS) are outlined and its application to the study of suspensions of interacting colloidal particles is discussed. We show how, under appropriate conditions, DLS can measure long-time collective and self-diffusion coefficients as well as study short-time motions (characterized by the cumulants). These theoretical considerations are illustrated by experimental data. Finally, we discuss the relevance of certain characteristic timescales to theories of the diffusion of interacting particles.     

Determination of the composition and the stability constants of complexes of silver(I) with some sulphur containing pyridines a potentiometric investigation

A series of sulphide-containing pyridines of general formula ? (CH₂)_x? S? R where R = CH₃, C₂H₅, CH₂CH₂OH and x = 1, 2 has been prepared and studied potentiometrically in the presence of Ag⁺ in 0.5 M (K)NO₃ medium at 25°C. The complex formation is discussed in terms of the Taft σ*-parameters for the substituents. In acid region, where the complexes AgLH²⁺ and AgL₂H₂³⁺ were formed, coordination occurs through the thioether group. In neutral and alkaline medium their was evidence for the species AgL₂H²⁺, AgL⁺, AgL₂⁺, Ag₂L₂²⁺ and Ag₂L²⁺ in which Ag⁺? S and Ag⁺? bonds are involved. The five membered chelate rings for the AgL⁺ and AgL²⁺ species are found to be more stable than the six-membered ones.     

Role of rhenium in bimetallic reforming catalysts

The influence of rhenium on the behavior of a Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied in n-hexane reaction by means of dilution of the catalyst bed with Re/Al₂O₃. Parallel to activity, selectivity and ageing data obtained in slug pulse and continuous flow reactors, the amount of the surface carbon formed during the reaction was determined and its reactivity in hydrogen atmosphere was also studied. It is suggested that in the presence of rhenium due to the increase in the amount of hydrogen available for hydrogen consuming reactions including hydrodepolymerization of the carbonaceous surface overlayer, the routes of ageing processes are changed, resulting in lower carbon content on the catalyst and less pronounced catalyst deactivation.

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Pt/Al₂O₃ -, Re/Al₂O₃. , , , , . , , , , , , , .

     

The effect of organic nitriles on the radiation induced polymerization of styrene

The effect of a range of 10 organic nitriles on the radiation-induced polymerization of styrene was studied. A dose rate of 4.4 rad s^?1 was used. A rate of polymerization of styrene (1.744 mol L^?1 of toluene solution) of 5.0 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 s^?1 was found. With organic nitriles present (styrene:nitrile ratio of 1:0.28) the rate of polymerization increased. Rates in the range of 5.5 × 10^?7 ?5.2 × 10^?6 mol L^?1 s^?1, depending on the nitrile present, were obtained. The polymers were partially characterized and evidence of involvement of each of the nitriles in the polymer chains was revealed. The increase in rate of polymerization has been attributed to the part played by nitrile radicals in the initiation of styrene polymerization. Radical yield values [as G(nitrile radical)] were derived from the relevant rate expressions. Values ranged from 2.7 to 49.5, depending on the particular nitrile. Corresponding values of G(nitrile radical) in the range of 5.1–129.4 were obtained by the manipulation of number-average molar mass data. Values of k_pk_t of approximately 2 × 10^?5 L mol^?1 s^?1 were found. Trommsdorff types of effect are absent from these systems.