全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3040篇 |
免费 | 223篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2205篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 60篇 |
数学 | 444篇 |
物理学 | 559篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 76篇 |
2021年 | 121篇 |
2020年 | 167篇 |
2019年 | 188篇 |
2018年 | 90篇 |
2017年 | 73篇 |
2016年 | 205篇 |
2015年 | 150篇 |
2014年 | 162篇 |
2013年 | 211篇 |
2012年 | 277篇 |
2011年 | 274篇 |
2010年 | 159篇 |
2009年 | 131篇 |
2008年 | 197篇 |
2007年 | 155篇 |
2006年 | 150篇 |
2005年 | 99篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3280条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
22.
Bahamonde Sebastian Jamil Mubasher 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2015,75(10):1-11
The European Physical Journal C - LArGe is a Gerda low-background test facility to study novel background suppression methods in a low-background environment, for future application in the Gerda... 相似文献
23.
Jari M. Kinaret Mats Jonson Robert I. Shekhter Sebastian Eggert 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》1998,1(1-4)
We consider a mesoscopic ring connected to external reservoirs by tunnel junctions. The ring is capacitively coupled to an external gate electrode and may be pierced by a magnetic field. Due to strong electron–electron interactions within the ring the conductance shows Coulomb blockade oscillations as a function of the gate voltage, while Aharonov–Bohm interference effects lead to a dependence on the magnetic flux. The Hamiltonian of the ring is given by a Luttinger model that allows for an exact treatment of both interaction and interference effects. We conclude that the positions of conductance maxima as a function the external parameters can be used to determine the interaction parameter
, and the shapes of conductance peaks are strongly affected by electron correlations within the ring. 相似文献
24.
Raman spectroscopy of isolated carbyne chains confined in carbon nanotubes: Progress and prospects 下载免费PDF全文
Carbyne is an infinitely long linear chain of carbon atoms with sp1 hybridization and the truly one-dimensional allotrope of carbon. While obtaining freestanding carbyne is still an open challenge, the study of confined carbyne, linear chains of carbon encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, provides a pathway to explore carbyne and its remarkable properties in a well-defined environment. In this review, we discuss the basics and recent advances in studying single confined carbyne chains by Raman spectroscopy, which is their primary spectroscopic characterization method. We highlight where single carbyne chain studies are needed to advance our understanding of confined carbyne as a material system and provide an overview of the open questions that need to be addressed and of those aspects currently under debate. 相似文献
25.
Sebastian Gatz Helge Hannebauer Rene Hesse Florian Werner Arne Schmidt Thorsten Dullweber Jan Schmidt Karsten Bothe Rolf Brendel 《固体物理学:研究快报》2011,5(4):147-149
We demonstrate industrially feasible large‐area solar cells with passivated homogeneous emitter and rear achieving energy conversion efficiencies of up to 19.4% on 125 × 125 mm2 p‐type 2–3 Ω cm boron‐doped Czochralski silicon wafers. Front and rear metal contacts are fabricated by screen‐printing of silver and aluminum paste and firing in a conventional belt furnace. We implement two different dielectric rear surface passivation stacks: (i) a thermally grown silicon dioxide/silicon nitride stack and (ii) an atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminum oxide/silicon nitride stack. The dielectrics at the rear result in a decreased surface recombination velocity of Srear = 70 cm/s and 80 cm/s, and an increased internal IR reflectance of up to 91% corresponding to an improved Jsc of up to 38.9 mA/cm2 and Voc of up to 664 mV. We observe an increase in cell efficiency of 0.8% absolute for the cells compared to 18.6% efficient reference solar cells featuring a full‐area aluminum back surface field. To our knowledge, the energy conversion efficiency of 19.4% is the best value reported so far for large area screen‐printed solar cells. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
26.
Electron-electron coincidence spectra of Ar-Kr clusters after photoionization have been measured. An electron with the kinetic energy range from 0 to approximately 1 eV is found in coincidence with the Ar 3s cluster photoelectron. The low kinetic energy electron can be attributed to an Ar + Kr+ + Kr+ final state which forms after electron transfer mediated decay. This autoionization mechanism results from a concerted transition involving three different atoms in a van der Waals cluster; it was predicted theoretically, but hitherto not observed. 相似文献
27.
Model based prediction of the trap limited diffusion of hydrogen in post‐hydrogenated amorphous silicon 下载免费PDF全文
Sebastian Gerke Hans‐Werner Becker Detlef Rogalla Reinhart Job Barbara Terheiden 《固体物理学:研究快报》2016,10(11):828-832
The diffusion of hydrogen within an hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) layer is based on a trap limited process. Therefore, the diffusion becomes a self‐limiting process with a decreasing diffusion velocity for increasing hydrogen content. In consequence, there is a strong demand for accurate experimental determination of the hydrogen distribution. Nuclear resonant reaction analysis (NRRA) offers the possibility of a non‐destructive measurement of the hydrogen distribution in condensed matter like a‐Si:H thin films. However, the availability of a particle accelerator for NRR‐analysis is limited and the related costs are high. In comparison, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is also a common method to determine the total hydrogen content of an a‐Si:H layer. FTIR spectrometers are practical table‐top units but lack spatial resolution. In this study, an approach is discussed that greatly reduces the need for complex and expensive NRR‐analysis. A model based prediction of hydrogen depth profiles based on a single NRRA measurement and further FTIR measurements enables to investigate the trap limited hydrogen diffusion within a‐Si:H. The model is validated by hydrogen diffusion experiments during the post‐hydrogenation of hydrogen‐free sputtered a‐Si. The model based prediction of hydrogen depth profiles in a‐Si:H allows more precise design of experiments, prevents misinterpretations, avoids unnecessary NRRA measurements and thus saves time and expense. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
28.
Cynthia V. Pagba Stephen M. Lane Sebastian Wachsmann‐Hogiu 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2010,41(3):241-247
Aptamers are single‐stranded oligonucleotides that selectively bind to their target molecules owing to their ability to form secondary structures and shapes. The 15‐mer (5′‐GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG‐3′) DNA thrombin‐binding aptamer (TBA) binds to thrombin following the formation of a quadruplex structure via the Hoogsten‐type G–G interactions. In the present study, Raman and SERS spectra of TBA and thiolated TBA (used to facilitate covalent bonding to metal nanoparticle) in different conditions are investigated. The spectra of the two analogs exhibit vibrations, such as the C8N7 H2 deformation band at ∼1480 cm−1 of the guanine tetrad, that are characteristic of the quadruplex structure in the presence of K+ ions or at low temperature. Interestingly, SERS spectra of the two analogs differ markedly from their respective normal Raman spectra, possibly due to changes in the conformation of the aptamer upon binding, as well as to the specific interaction of individual vibrational modes with the metal surface. In addition, the SERS spectra of the thiolated aptamer show significant changes with different concentrations, which may be due to different orientation of the molecule with respect to the metal surface. This study provides useful information for the development of label‐free aptamer‐based SERS sensors and assays. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
29.
Dietmar Glogar Sebastian Globits Andreas Neuhold Harald Mayr 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1989,7(6):611-617
To evaluate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection and quantification of mitral regurgitation, 26 pts. with echocardiographically or angiographically documented mitral regurgitation were examined using a 0.5 Tesla superconducting magnet. In each patient a multislice-multiphase study in a sagittal-coronal double angulated projection (four-chamber view equivalent) was performed to assess left and right ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and regurgitant fraction. Additionally a blood flow sensitive cine-study (fast field echo: FFE) was done to visualize direction and area of regurgitant jet. MRI data were compared with quantitative and qualitative assessment of mitral regurgitation by angiography, 2D echocardiography, Doppler sonography and color flow mapping. Using the FFE mode MRI was able to detect the regurgitant jet as a typical signal loss within the left atrium in all patients. The ratio of regurgitant jet area/left atrium area as determined by MRI showed a correlation with a comparable ratio from color Doppler sonography of R = 0.87 (p < 0.001). There was also good agreement in semiquantitative grading of mitral regurgitation between MRI and angiography (R = 0.77, p < 0.001). The determination of left and right ventricular stroke volume allowed the calculation of the regurgitant fraction, which showed a correlation with invasively determined regurgitation fraction of R = 0.84 (p < 0.001). These data provide additional information that MRI may be useful as a noninvasive technique to detect and quantify mitral regurgitation. 相似文献
30.
Hachenberg J Streng C Süske E Vauth S Mayr SG Krebs HU Samwer K 《Physical review letters》2004,92(24):246102
The crossover in kinetic roughening of thin films from a particle-character-dominated regime to continuous growth behavior has been observed in this work. This has been accomplished by atomic force microscopy investigations of pulsed laser deposited amorphous organic films with thicknesses ranging from several nanometers to more than 4 microm. The early-stage random-deposition-like processes end once a closed layer is formed, which grows without saturation on the characteristic length scales. In addition, the influence of oblique film deposition has been examined and interpreted. 相似文献