Dibenzophenoxazon-(5)-derivate als Neutralisationsindicatoren in wasserfreier Essigs?ure

Zusammenfassung Die relativen Basizitätskonstanten von 5H-Dibenzo(a,h)phenoxazon-(5) (I) (K=3,2 · 10^–2), 5H-Dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazon-(5) (II) (K=6,5 · 10^–2), 9-(N-1-Naphthylamino)-5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazon-(5) (III) (K=1,12), 9-(N-2-Naphthylamino)-5H-dibenzo(a, j)phenoxazon-(S) (IV) (K=1,22), 9-Anilino-5H-dibenzo(a,j) phenoxazon-(5) (V) (K=1,28) und 9-(p-Tolylamino)-5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazon-(5) (VI) (K=1,45) wurden für das Puffersystem Acetat-Antipyrinperchlorat in wasserfreier Essigsäure bestimmt. Die Verbindungen II, V und VI wurden zur visuellen Indikation von Titrationen schwacher Basen mit Perchlorsäure in wasserfreier Essigsäure benutzt. Mit Indicator II können Basen mit pK_a(H₂O)-Werten von 2–4 und mit den Indicatoren V und VI stärkere Basen mit pK_a(H₂O)-Werten von 4–7 bestimmt werden.

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Dibenzophenoxazone-(5)-derivatives as neutralisation indicators in non-aqueous acetic acid

The relative basicity constants of 5H-dibenzo(a,h)phenoxazone-(5) (I) (K=3.2×10^–2), 5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazone-(5) (II) (K=6.5×10^–2), 9-(N-1-naphthylamino)-5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazone-(5) (III) (K=1.12), 9-(N-2-naphthylamino)-5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazone-(5) (IV) (K=1.22), 9-anilino-5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazone-(5) (V) (K=1.28) and 9-(p-tolylamino)-5H-dibenzo(a,j)phenoxazone-(5) (VI) (K=1.45) have been determined with respect to the buffer system antipyrine acetate-antipyrine perchlorate in non-aqueous acetic acid. The compounds II, V and VI were employed for visual indication of titrations of weak bases with perchloric acid in non-aqueous acetic acid. Indicator II is convenient for the titration of bases with pK _a (H₂O) values 2–4 and indicators V and VI for bases with pK_a(H₂O) values 4–7.

     

From pico to nano: biofunctionalization of cube-octameric silsesquioxanes by peptides and miniproteins

Polyhedral silsesquioxanes are considered valuable conjugation scaffolds. Nevertheless, only a few examples of silsesquioxane-assembled peptide oligomers have been reported to date. We developed a new bioorthogonal cube-octameric silsesquioxane (COSS) scaffold bearing eight aminooxy coupling sites allowing for the conjugation of diverse peptides via oxime ligation. We found that the coupling efficacy depends on the ligand in view of steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. For the first time scaffold-based conjugation of cystine-knot miniproteins having a backbone of about thirty amino acids was successfully accomplished without loss of bioactivity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided further knowledge on the size of COSS verifying them as picoscaffolds growing upon bioconjugation to nano-dimension.     

X-ray spectroscopy of enzyme active site analogues and related molecules: bis(dithiolene)molybdenum(IV) and -tungsten(IV,VI) complexes with variant terminal ligands

The X-ray absorption spectra at the molybdenum and selenium K-edges and the tungsten L2,3-edges are acquired for a set of 14 Mo(IV) and W(IV,VI) bis(dithiolene) complexes related to the active sites of molybdo- and tungstoenzymes. The set includes square pyramidal [MoIVL(S2C2Me2)2]- (L = O2-, R3SiO-, RO-, RS-, RSe-) and [WIV(OR)(S2C2Me2)2]-, distorted trigonal prismatic [MoIV(CO)(SeR)(S2C2Me2)2]- and [WIV(CO)L(S2C2Me2)2]- (L = RS-, RSe-), and distorted octahedral [WVIO(OR)(S2C2Me2)2]-. The dithiolene simulates the pterin-dithiolene cofactor ligand, and L represents a protein ligand. Bond lengths are determined by EXAFS analysis using the GNXAS protocol. Normalized edge spectra, non-phase-shift-corrected Fourier transforms, and EXAFS data and fits are presented. Bond lengths determined by EXAFS and X-ray crystallography agree to < or = 0.02 A as do the M-Se distances determined by both metal and selenium EXAFS. The complexes [MoIV(QR)(S2C2Me2)2]- simulate protein ligation by the DMSO reductase family of enzymes, including DMSO reductase itself (Q = O), dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Q = S), and formate dehydrogenase (Q = Se). Edge shifts of these complexes correlate with the ligand electronegativities. Terminal ligand binding is clearly distinguished in the presence of four Mo-S(dithiolene) interactions. Similarly, five-coordinate [ML(S2C2Me2)2]- and six-coordinate [M(CO)L(S2C2Me2)2]- are distinguishable by edge and EXAFS spectra. This study expands a previous XAS investigation of bis(dithiolene)metal(IV,V,VI) complexes (Musgrave, K. B.; Donahue, J. P.; Lorber, C.; Holm, R. H.; Hedman, B.; Hodgson, K. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10297) by including a larger inventory of molecules with variant physiologically relevant terminal ligation. The previous and present XAS results should prove useful in characterizing and refining metric features and structures of enzyme sites.     

Selenirene as an intermediate in the pyrolysis of 1,2,3-selenadiazole. Microwave spectra of 13C labelled selenoketene

Microwave Spectra of ¹³CH₂¹²C^80,78Se and ¹²CH₂¹³C^80,78Se (selenoketene) are recorded. B 5-¹³C-1,2,3-selenadiazole all four species are formed. The ¹³C scrambling may take place via a three-membered ring, selenirene, but as expected its microwave spectrum was not observed.     

The retro Grignard addition reaction revisited: the reversible addition of benzyl reagents to ketones

The Grignard addition reaction is known to be a reversible process with allylic reagents, but so far the reversibility has not been demonstrated with other alkylmagnesium halides. By using crossover experiments it has been established that the benzyl addition reaction is also a reversible transformation. The retro benzyl reaction was shown by the addition of benzylmagnesium chloride to di-tert-butyl ketone followed by exchange of both the benzyl and the ketone moiety with another substrate. Similar experiments were performed with phenylmagnesium bromide and tert-butylmagnesium chloride, but in these two cases the Grignard addition reaction did not show any sign of a reverse transformation.